Biological & Chemical Sciences

Dr. Antoine N. Nicolas
Chair of the Department

The mission of the Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences at Manhattan College is to give our students an appreciation of the methods, potentials, achievements, and limitations of the biological and chemical sciences, and to instill in them the intellectual and ethical skills to use this information effectively. To accomplish this, the Department provides a combination of required and elective courses consistent with a liberal education and maintains a tradition of strong support for independent study and undergraduate research.

Programs in:
Biology
Biochemistry and Chemistry
Environmental Science

BIOLOGY

In order to meet the educational needs of students in all majors, the biology curriculum at Manhattan College offers a variety of general courses for non-majors as well as more rigorous and specialized studies for our biology majors. To ensure a broad training, the curriculum for biology majors includes prescribed areas of required studies, plus some electives in advanced courses of cell and molecular biology, as well as organismal biology. In recognition that the best learning comes via doing, nearly all of our courses have associated, co-requisite, laboratory components. Many of these lab courses provide training in modern molecular biology techniques, while others provide fundamental training via anatomical, taxonomic, and ecological investigations. We also support off-campus studies that generally include class field trips to venues such as the American Museum of Natural History, the New York Botanical Gardens, and to the nearby, thousand-plus acre Van Cortland Park, a city park that preserves upland forests and wetlands. Our advanced research students present their findings at regional, national, and international meetings. Pre-professional students with interests in clinical studies generally "shadow" medical professionals in clinical settings.

Students preparing for professional school admission should consult the Kakos School of Arts and Science section of the catalog for requirements.

B.S. Degree

The B.S. degree is the preferred degree for students who wish to prepare for professional or graduate school. Students plan an individual program of study of their Biology courses and free electives after consultation with their assigned biology faculty advisor.

Required Courses for the B.S. Degree

BIOL 111	General Biology I (Co-requisite BIOL 191)	3
BIOL 191	General Biology I Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 111)	1
BIOL 112	General Biology II (Co-requisite BIOL 192)	3
BIOL 192	General Biology II Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 112)	1
BIOL 217	Genetics (Co-requisite BIOL 297)	3
BIOL 297	Genetics Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 217)	1
BIOL 223	Ecology (Co-requisite BIOL 293)	3
BIOL 293	Ecology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 223)	1
BIOL 231	Evolution (Co-requisite BIOL 291)	3
BIOL 291	Evolution Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 231)	1
BIOL 404	Biology Colloquium I	1
BIOL 414	Biology Colloquium II	1
Cell & Molecular Biology (choose any two 4-credit courses)		8
BIOL 225	Microbiology (Co-requisite BIOL 295)
BIOL 295	Microbiology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 225)
BIOL 302	Developmental Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 382)
BIOL 382	Developmental Biology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 302)
BIOL 319	Cellular BioChemistry/Physiology (Co-requisite BIOL 399)
BIOL 399	Cellular BioChemistry/Physiology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 319)
BIOL 321	Molecular Cell Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 391)
BIOL 391	Molecular Cell Biology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 321)
BIOL 405	Neurobiology (Co-requisite BIOL 485)
BIOL 485	Neurobiology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 405)
BIOL 426	Immunology (Co-requisite BIOL 496)
BIOL 496	Immunology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 426)
Organismal Biology (choose any two 4-credit lecture/lab courses)		8
BIOL 301	Comparative Chordate Anatomy (Co-requisite BIOL 381)
BIOL 381	Compar Chordate Anatomy Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 301)
BIOL 304	Invertebrate Zoology (Co-requisite BIOL 384)
BIOL 384	Invertebrate Zoology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 304)
BIOL 305	Plant Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 385)
BIOL 385	Plant Biology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 305)
BIOL 320	Animal Physiology (Co-requisite BIOL 390)
BIOL 390	Animal Physiology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 320)
BIOL 326	Animal Behavior (Co-requisite BIOL 396)
BIOL 396	Animal Behavior Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 326)
BIOL 409	Marine Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 489)
BIOL 489	Marine Biology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 409)
BIOL 431	Freshwater Ecology (Co-requisite BIOL 491)
BIOL 491	Freshwater Ecology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 431)
BIOL 432	Estuarine and Coastal Ecology (Co-requisite BIOL 492)
BIOL 492	Estuarine & Coastal Ecology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 432)
Biology Electives (choose a combination of courses to total at least 4 credits)		4
Any 1 of Cell & Molecular or Organismal courses listed above
BIOL 207	Anatomy and Physiology I (Co-requisite BIOL 287)
BIOL 287	Anatomy & Physiology I Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 207)
BIOL 208	Anatomy and Physiology II (Co-requisite BIOL 288)
BIOL 288	Anatomy & Physiology II Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 208)
BIOL 318	Advances in Nutrition
BIOL 310	Research in Biology for Juniors
BIOL 311	Research in Biology for Juniors
BIOL 317	Research in Biology for Juniors
BIOL 360	Independent Study in Biology for Juniors
BIOL 375	Internship for Juniors
BIOL 400	Research in Biology
BIOL 406	Special Topics: in Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 486; may fulfill molecular or organismal requirement)
BIOL 486	Topics in Biology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 406)
BIOL 410	Research in Biology for Seniors
BIOL 411	Research in Biology for Seniors
BIOL 413	Research in Biology for Seniors
BIOL 460	Independent Study in Biology
BIOL 475	Internship for Seniors
Total Credits		42

Cognate Requirements for the B.S. Degree

CHEM 101	General Chemistry I (Co-requisite CHEM 103)	3
CHEM 103	General Chemistry Laboratory I (Co-requisite CHEM 101)	1
CHEM 102	General Chemistry II (Co-requisite CHEM 104)	3
CHEM 104	General Chemistry Laboratory II (Co-requisite CHEM 102)	1
CHEM 319	Organic Chemistry I	3
CHEM 323	Organic Chemistry Laboratory I (Co-requisite CHEM 319)	2
CHEM 320	Organic Chemistry II	3
CHEM 324	Organic Chemistry Laboratory II (Co-requisite CHEM 320)	2
Calculus I		4
MATH 155	Calculus for the Life Sciences I
or MATH 185	Calculus I
Calculus II		4
MATH 156	Calculus for the Life Sciences II
or MATH 186	Calculus II
Physics I		4
PHYS 107 & PHYS 193	Introduction to Physics I and Introduction to Physics I Lab
or
PHYS 101 & PHYS 191	Physics I and Physics I Lab
Physics II		4
PHYS 108 & PHYS 194	Introduction to Physics II and Introduction to Physics II Lab
or
PHYS 102 & PHYS 192	Physics II and Physics II Lab
Total Credits		34

B.A. Degree

Recognizing that many students have a distinct interest in Biology, yet possess diverse career goals, the Department offers the B.A. degree in biology with a relatively large number of electives. Students should use these electives to either minor in another science or concentrate in any of the humanities, social science or business disciplines. This program is not recommended for students wishing to go on to medical/professional school, graduate studies in Biology, or physical therapy programs unless other prerequisites are met. The B.A. program is intended to help students obtain employment in medical and pharmaceutical sales, medical writing, conservation and environmental biology, or careers in public health and safety.

Required Courses for the B.A. Degree

BIOL 111	General Biology I (Co-requisite BIOL 191)	3
BIOL 191	General Biology I Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 111)	1
BIOL 112	General Biology II (Co-requisite BIOL 192)	3
BIOL 192	General Biology II Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 112)	1
BIOL 217	Genetics (Co-requisite BIOL 297)	3
BIOL 297	Genetics Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 217)	1
BIOL 223	Ecology (Co-requisite BIOL 293)	3
BIOL 293	Ecology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 223)	1
BIOL 231	Evolution (Co-requisite BIOL 291)	3
BIOL 291	Evolution Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 231)	1
BIOL 404	Biology Colloquium I	1
BIOL 414	Biology Colloquium II	1
Biology Electives (choose a combination of courses from the list below to total at least 14 credits)		14
Total Credits		36

Biology Electives for the B.A. with Their Co-Requisite Labs¹ (choose a combination to total at least 14 credits)

BIOL 207	Anatomy and Physiology I (Co-requisite BIOL 287)	3
BIOL 287	Anatomy & Physiology I Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 207)	1
BIOL 208	Anatomy and Physiology II (Co-requisite BIOL 288)	3
BIOL 288	Anatomy & Physiology II Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 208)	1
BIOL 225	Microbiology (Co-requisite BIOL 295)	3
BIOL 295	Microbiology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 225)	1
BIOL 301	Comparative Chordate Anatomy (Co-requisite BIOL 381)	3
BIOL 381	Compar Chordate Anatomy Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 301)	1
BIOL 302	Developmental Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 382)	3
BIOL 382	Developmental Biology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 302)	1
BIOL 304	Invertebrate Zoology (Co-requisite BIOL 384)	3
BIOL 384	Invertebrate Zoology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 304)	1
BIOL 305	Plant Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 385)	3
BIOL 385	Plant Biology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 305)	1
BIOL 318	Advances in Nutrition	2
BIOL 319	Cellular BioChemistry/Physiology (Co-requisite BIOL 399)	3
BIOL 399	Cellular BioChemistry/Physiology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 319)	1
BIOL 320	Animal Physiology (Co-requisite BIOL 390)	3
BIOL 390	Animal Physiology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 390)	1
BIOL 321	Molecular Cell Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 391)	3
BIOL 391	Molecular Cell Biology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 321)	1
BIOL 326	Animal Behavior (Co-requisite BIOL 396)	3
BIOL 396	Animal Behavior Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 326)	1
BIOL 405	Neurobiology (Co-requisite BIOL 485)	3
BIOL 485	Neurobiology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 405)	1
BIOL 409	Marine Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 489)	3
BIOL 489	Marine Biology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 409)	1
BIOL 426	Immunology (Co-requisite BIOL 496)	3
BIOL 496	Immunology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 426)	1
BIOL 431	Freshwater Ecology (Co-requisite BIOL 491)	3
BIOL 491	Freshwater Ecology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 431)	1
BIOL 432	Estuarine and Coastal Ecology (Co-requisite BIOL 492)	3
BIOL 492	Estuarine & Coastal Ecology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 432)	1
BIOL 441	Cardiovascular Biology	3
BIOL 310	Research in Biology for Juniors	2
BIOL 311	Research in Biology for Juniors	2
BIOL 317	Research in Biology for Juniors	3
BIOL 360	Independent Study in Biology for Juniors	2
BIOL 375	Internship for Juniors	2
BIOL 400	Research in Biology	1
BIOL 406	Special Topics: in Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 486)	3
BIOL 486	Topics in Biology Laboratory (Co-requisite BIOL 406)	1
BIOL 410	Research in Biology for Seniors	2
BIOL 411	Research in Biology for Seniors	2
BIOL 413	Research in Biology for Seniors	3
BIOL 460	Independent Study in Biology	1-3
BIOL 475	Internship for Seniors	3

¹: A student may take 9 Biology credits in Research and/or Independent Study. However, a maximum of 3 credits may be in Independent Study.

Cognate Requirements for the B.A. Degree

CHEM 101	General Chemistry I (Co-requisite CHEM 103)	3
CHEM 103	General Chemistry Laboratory I (Co-requisite CHEM 101)	1
CHEM 102	General Chemistry II (Co-requisite CHEM 104)	3
CHEM 104	General Chemistry Laboratory II (Co-requisite CHEM 102)	1
CHEM 319	Organic Chemistry I	3
CHEM 320	Organic Chemistry II	3
MATH 100	Pre-Calculus Mathematics	4
MATH 230	Elementary Statistics	3
Physics I		4
PHYS 107 & PHYS 193	Introduction to Physics I and Introduction to Physics I Lab
or
PHYS 101 & PHYS 191	Physics I and Physics I Lab
Physics II		4
PHYS 108 & PHYS 194	Introduction to Physics II and Introduction to Physics II Lab
or
PHYS 102 & PHYS 192	Physics II and Physics II Lab
Total Credits		29

Minor in Biology

A minor requires 15 credits in Biology courses planned in consultation with and approval of the Chair of the Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences. Eight of these credits must be the General Biology lecture/lab sequence (BIOL 111/191 and BIOL 112/192). The remaining credits must be chosen from courses that satisfy the B.S. major requirements.

Minor in Neuroscience

The interdisciplinary minor in neuroscience includes courses in Psychology and Biology to allow students to gain knowledge and skills about the development, structure, and function of the brain and nervous system, its impact on behavior and cognition, and how these processes change throughout the lifespan in healthy and diseased states. Students must consult with their Department Chair and complete a minor declaration form. One class from the major can count as a major requirement and minor course.

All Neuroscience minors will be assigned a Neuroscience advisor from either Biology or Psychology. Students from other majors (across schools) are also encouraged to apply for the minor and courses will be determined on a case-by-case basis. Students from majors other than Biology or Psychology should reach out to the Department Chair of either major and complete a minor declaration form. Due to the extensive lab requirements, students are encouraged to declare and begin the Neuroscience minor as early as possible to minimize scheduling conflicts and inefficient course selection.

Biology students need to fulfill the following to earn a minor in Neuroscience (Total 17 credits):

*(Prerequisite: PSYC 150/153/203)

Neurobiology (BIOL 405/485) or Behavioral Neuroscience (PSYC 435).

One of the following (with lab): Anatomy and Physiology I (BIOL 207/287), Evolution (BIOL 231/292), Animal Physiology (BIOL 320/390), Comparative Chordate Anatomy (BIOL 301/381), Animal Behavior (BIOL 326/396).

Three of these Psychology courses: *Psychopathology (PSYC 421), *Artificial Psychology (PSYC 332), *Motivation and Emotion (PSYC 333), *Sensation and Perception (PSYC 467).

Grade Requirements

Majors and minors must attain a minimum grade of C in all biology courses. Prerequisites for upper level Biology courses: C or better in General Biology I (BIOL 111 and BIOL 191) and C or better in General Biology II (BIOL 112 and BIOL 192) or the equivalents are required.

Registration for Advanced Courses

Permission of the biology faculty advisor is required for registration in all courses at the 300 and 400 levels.

Courses for Non-Biology Majors

The following courses are offered for and are restricted to students majoring in departments other than Biology.

BIOL 103	Introduction to Biology (Co-requisite BIOL 183)	2
BIOL 183	Introduction to Biology Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 103)	1
BIOL 131	Principles of Biology I (Co-requisite BIOL 181)	3
BIOL 181	Principles of Biology I Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 131)	1
BIOL 132	Principles of Biology II (Co-requisite BIOL 182)	3
BIOL 182	Principles of Biology II Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 132)	1
BIOL 221	Introductory Nutrition	3
BIOL 222	Biology for Engineers (Co-requisite BIOL 292)	2
BIOL 292	Biology for Engineers Lab (Co-requisite BIOL 222)	1
BIOL 441	Cardiovascular Biology	3

PLANS OF STUDY

Bachelor of Science in Biology

First Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
BIOL 111	3	BIOL 112	3
BIOL 191	1	BIOL 192	1
CHEM 101	3	CHEM 102	3
CHEM 103	1	CHEM 104	1
MATH 155 or 185	4	MATH 156 or 186	4
SCI 100	1	SCI 101	1
ENGL 110	3	RELS 110	3
	16		16
Second Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
BIOL 231	3	BIOL 217	3
BIOL 291	1	BIOL 297	1
BIOL 223	3	CHEM 320	3
BIOL 293	1	CHEM 324	2
CHEM 319	3	Social Sciences	3
CHEM 323	2	Modern Language	3
Modern Language	3
	16		15
Third Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
BIOL Molecular Elective	4	BIOL Organismal Elective	4
PHYS 107	3	PHYS 108	3
PHYS 193	1	PHYS 194	1
HIST 150	3	PHIL 150	3
ENGL 150	3	MUSC 150 or ART 150	3
RELS Catholic Studies	3	CMPT 155	3
	17		17
Fourth Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
BIOL 404	1	BIOL 414	1
BIOL Organismal Elective	4	BIOL Molecular Elective	4
BIOL Elective	4	PHIL 213 or 214	3
RELS Global/Contemporary	3	Electives	7
Social Sciences	3
Elective	3
	18		15
Total Credits: 130

Bachelor of Arts in Biology

First Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
BIOL 111	3	BIOL 112	3
BIOL 191	1	BIOL 192	1
CHEM 101	3	CHEM 102	3
CHEM 103	1	CHEM 104	1
SCI 100	1	SCI 101	1
MATH 100	4	RELS 110	3
ENGL 110	3	Social Sciences	3
	16		15
Second Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
BIOL 231	3	BIOL 217	3
BIOL 291	1	BIOL 297	1
BIOL 223	3	MATH 230	3
BIOL 293	1	CHEM 320	3
CHEM 319	3	HIST 150	3
Modern Language	3	Modern Language	3
Free Elective	3
	17		16
Third Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
BIOL Elective	4	BIOL Elective	4
PHYS 107	3	PHYS 108	3
PHYS 193	1	PHYS 194	1
MUSC 150 or ART 150	3	ENGL 150	3
Social Sciences	3	PHIL 150	3
Free Elective	3	CMPT 155	3
	17		17
Fourth Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
BIOL 404	1	BIOL 414	1
BIOL Elective	4	BIOL Elective	2
RELS Catholic Studies	3	RELS Global/Contemporary	3
Free Electives	8	PHIL 213 or 214	3
		Free Electives	7
	16		16
Total Credits: 130

BIOCHEMISTRY & CHEMISTRY

The goals of the chemistry and biochemistry major are to provide a program which emphasizes the basic understanding of the constituents of matter, its transformations and the chemical principles involved therein. The majors also promotes the study of the chemical and biochemical systems and the manner and methods by which they are investigated. To accomplish this goal, students are provided with a basic framework of knowledge by which they can carry out further study, research and understand the implication of scientific discoveries, inventions and their impact upon human welfare. They learn to think analytically and independently and are encouraged to apply this knowledge ethically throughout their lifetimes to civic, personal and professional problems. As a result, students are prepared for careers in the various disciplines and sub-disciplines of chemistry and biochemistry, in the teaching of these disciplines and for pursuing higher studies in basic and applied sciences or to follow professional careers in medicine, dentistry, law and other areas.

Undergraduate research is encouraged and the department is equipped with state-of-the-art instrumentation that is available for student use. Included are a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer, an X-ray crystallography apparatus, a diode-array UV/visible spectrophotometer, a Fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectrophotometer, an atomic absorption unit, several high performance liquid chromatographs, gas chromatographs, and a molecular modeling laboratory.

Students who transfer into the chemistry and biochemistry programs are required to take at least half of their required chemistry credits at Manhattan College.

Degree Plans

Major in Chemistry
- Bachelor of Science Degree
- Bachelor of Arts Degree
Major in Biochemistry
- Bachelor of Science Degree
- Bachelor of Arts Degree
Minor in Chemistry
Minor in Biochemistry
Concentration in Nanoscience

A minimum grade of C is required for all courses in the major or minor. The following courses are not allowed for the any of the majors or minors in Chemistry or Biochemistry: CHEM 100 Foundations of Chemistry, CHEM 105 General Chemistry I, or CHEM 106 General Chemistry II.

B.S. Major in Chemistry

Students in this program must maintain a 2.8 GPA in the major by the end of the fourth semester. Students who do not maintain this GPA are advised not to continue in the chemistry major. The following courses are required:

CHEM 101	General Chemistry I	3
CHEM 102	General Chemistry II	3
CHEM 103	General Chemistry Laboratory I	1
CHEM 104	General Chemistry Laboratory II	1
CHEM 302	Analytical Chemistry	5
CHEM 309	Physical Chemistry I	3
CHEM 310	Physical Chemistry II	3
CHEM 311	Physical Chemistry Laboratory	2
CHEM 319	Organic Chemistry I	3
CHEM 320	Organic Chemistry II	3
CHEM 323	Organic Chemistry Laboratory I	2
CHEM 324	Organic Chemistry Laboratory II	2
CHEM 335	Inorganic Chemistry	3
CHEM 336	Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory	2
CHEM 410	Physical Chemistry Laboratory II	2
CHEM 437	Computers, Structure and Bonding	3
CHEM 452	Advanced Spectroscopy	5
MATH 185	Calculus I	4
MATH 186	Calculus II	4
MATH 285	Calculus III	4
MATH 286	Differential Equations	3
PHYS 101	Physics I	3
PHYS 191	Physics I Lab	1
PHYS 102	Physics II	3
PHYS 192	Physics II Lab	1
Humanities/Social Science Elective		3
Total Credits		72

The chemistry major is approved by the American Chemical Society and will certify students as having complied the Society requirements provided they have completed the minimum requirements for the B.S. plus CHEM 433 Biochemistry I and one additional 400 level Chemistry course ( CHEM 415 Advanced Organic Chemistry or CHEM 421 Advanced Topics: in Chemistry or CHEM 427 Advanced Physical Chemistry or CHEM 434 Biochemistry of Cellular Processes or CHEM 435 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry).

B.S. Major in Biochemistry

Students in this program must maintain a 2.8 GPA in the major by the end of the fourth semester. Students who do not maintain this GPA are advised not to continue in the biochemistry major. The following courses are required:

CHEM 101	General Chemistry I	3
CHEM 102	General Chemistry II	3
CHEM 103	General Chemistry Laboratory I	1
CHEM 104	General Chemistry Laboratory II	1
CHEM 302	Analytical Chemistry	5
CHEM 309	Physical Chemistry I	3
CHEM 310	Physical Chemistry II	3
CHEM 311	Physical Chemistry Laboratory	2
CHEM 319	Organic Chemistry I	3
CHEM 320	Organic Chemistry II	3
CHEM 323	Organic Chemistry Laboratory I	2
CHEM 324	Organic Chemistry Laboratory II	2
CHEM 335	Inorganic Chemistry	3
CHEM 433	Biochemistry I	3
CHEM 434	Biochemistry of Cellular Processes	3
CHEM 436	Biochemistry Laboratory	2
CHEM 437	Computers, Structure and Bonding	3
CHEM 457	Nucleic Acid Biochemistry	3
CHEM 459	Nucleic Acids BioChemistry Lab	2
BIOL 111	General Biology I	3
BIOL 191	General Biology I Lab	1
BIOL 112	General Biology II	3
BIOL 192	General Biology II Lab	1
BIOL 217	Genetics	3
BIOL 297	Genetics Lab	1
MATH 185	Calculus I	4
MATH 186	Calculus II	4
PHYS 101	Physics I	3
PHYS 191	Physics I Lab	1
PHYS 102	Physics II	3
PHYS 192	Physics II Lab	1
Advanced Biology Elective ¹		3
Total Credits		81

^{1. The advanced biology elective should be chosen from the following courses: BIOL 225 Microbiology, BIOL 312 Advanced Biology for Biochemists, BIOL 319 Cellular BioChemistry/Physiology, BIOL 320 Animal Physiology, BIOL 321 Molecular Cell Biology, or BIOL 405 Neurobiology.}

Students planning to enter either medical or dental school should consult with the Premedical Advisory Committee and should acquaint themselves with the entrance requirements of medical or dental schools. Students pursuing the B.S. degree in biochemistry may, through the judicious choice of electives, comply with the American Chemical Society requirements for certification.

B.A. Major in Chemistry

Students in this program must successfully complete the following courses with a minimum grade of C.

CHEM 101	General Chemistry I	3
CHEM 102	General Chemistry II	3
CHEM 103	General Chemistry Laboratory I	1
CHEM 104	General Chemistry Laboratory II	1
CHEM 319	Organic Chemistry I	3
CHEM 320	Organic Chemistry II	3
CHEM 323	Organic Chemistry Laboratory I	2
CHEM 324	Organic Chemistry Laboratory II	2
MATH 185	Calculus I	4
MATH 186	Calculus II	4
MATH 285	Calculus III	4
PHYS 101	Physics I	3
PHYS 191	Physics I Lab	1
PHYS 102	Physics II	3
PHYS 192	Physics II Lab	1
After completion of the preceding courses, students must take the following:
CHEM 302	Analytical Chemistry	5
CHEM 309	Physical Chemistry I	3
CHEM 310	Physical Chemistry II	3
CHEM 311	Physical Chemistry Laboratory	2
CHEM 437	Computers, Structure and Bonding	3
Chemistry Elective (300 or 400 level Chemistry course)		3-5
Humanities/Social Science Electives		9
Natural Science/Mathematics Electives		6-8
Total Credits		72-76

B.A. Major in Biochemistry

Students in this program must successfully complete the following courses with a minimum grade of C.

CHEM 101	General Chemistry I	3
CHEM 102	General Chemistry II	3
CHEM 103	General Chemistry Laboratory I	1
CHEM 104	General Chemistry Laboratory II	1
CHEM 319	Organic Chemistry I	3
CHEM 320	Organic Chemistry II	3
CHEM 323	Organic Chemistry Laboratory I	2
CHEM 324	Organic Chemistry Laboratory II	2
BIOL 111	General Biology I	3
BIOL 191	General Biology I Lab	1
BIOL 112	General Biology II	3
BIOL 192	General Biology II Lab	1
BIOL 217	Genetics	3
BIOL 297	Genetics Lab	1
MATH 185	Calculus I	4
MATH 186	Calculus II	4
PHYS 101	Physics I	3
PHYS 191	Physics I Lab	1
PHYS 102	Physics II	3
PHYS 192	Physics II Lab	1
After completion of the preceding courses, students must take the following:
CHEM 302	Analytical Chemistry	5
CHEM 309	Physical Chemistry I	3
CHEM 433	Biochemistry I	3
CHEM 434	Biochemistry of Cellular Processes	3
CHEM 436	Biochemistry Laboratory	2
CHEM 457	Nucleic Acid Biochemistry	3
CHEM 459	Nucleic Acids BioChemistry Lab	2
Humanities/Social Science Electives		6
Natural Science/Mathematics Electives		6-8
Total Credits		79-81

Minor in Chemistry

Students should complete the following courses (or their corresponding Honors Course) in the Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences. A minimum grade of C is required for all courses. A student may not count the same credits towards minors in both biochemistry and chemistry.

CHEM 101	General Chemistry I	3
CHEM 102	General Chemistry II	3
CHEM 319	Organic Chemistry I	3
CHEM 320	Organic Chemistry II	3
One additional course selected from CHEM 302, CHEM 309, CHEM 310, CHEM 335, CHEM 421 or CHEM 433		3
Total Credits		15

Minor in Biochemistry

Students should complete the following courses in the Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences for the minor in Biochemistry. A minimum grade of C is required for all courses. A student may not count the same credits towards minors in both biochemistry and chemistry.

CHEM 319	Organic Chemistry I	3
CHEM 320	Organic Chemistry II	3
CHEM 433	Biochemistry I	3
CHEM 434	Biochemistry of Cellular Processes	3
CHEM 436	Biochemistry Laboratory	2
or CHEM 457	Nucleic Acid Biochemistry
Total Credits		14

Concentration in Nanoscience

Students should complete the following courses in the Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences for the concentration in Nanoscience. A minimum grade of C is required for all courses.

CHEM 112	Introduction to Materials Chemistry	3
CHEM 333	Solid State Materials	4
CHEM 444	Characterization of Materials	3
Total Credits		10

PLANS OF STUDY

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry

First Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 101	3	CHEM 102	3
CHEM 103	1	CHEM 104	1
MATH 185	4	MATH 186	4
ENGL 110	3	RELS 110	3
SCI 100	1	LLRN 102 (or PHIL 213 or PHIL 214)	3
Social Science¹	3	SCI 101	1
	15		15
Second Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 319	3	CHEM 320	3
CHEM 323	2	CHEM 324	2
MATH 285	4	CHEM 335	3
HIST 150	3	CHEM 336	2
ENGL 150	3	MATH 286	3
MUSC 150 or ART 150	3	PHIL 150	3
	18		16
Third Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 302	5	CHEM 310	3
CHEM 309	3	CHEM 311	2
PHYS 101	3	CHEM 437	3
PHYS 191	1	PHYS 102	3
RELS Catholic Studies	3	PHYS 192	1
Modern Language	3	RELS Global/Contemporary	3
		Modern Language	3
	18		18
Fourth Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 410	2	CHEM 452	5
Social Science¹	3	Electives²	11
Humanities/Social Science Elective	3
Electives²	9
	17		16
Total Credits: 133

^{1. ECON 150 or POSC 150 or PSYC 150 or SOC 150.}
^{2. For American Chemical Society Certification, 6 credits of electives must include CHEM 433 and one additional Chemistry course (CHEM 415, 421, 427, 434, 435).}

Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry

First Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 101	3	CHEM 102	3
CHEM 103	1	CHEM 104	1
ENGL 110	3	MATH 186	4
LLRN 102 (or PHIL 213 or PHIL 214)	3	RELS 110	3
MATH 185	4	Social Science ¹	3
SCI 100	1	SCI 101	1
	15		15
Second Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 319	3	CHEM 320	3
CHEM 323	2	CHEM 324	2
CHEM 437	3	ENGL 150	3
MATH 285	4	PHIL 150	3
Electives²	3	Elective²	3
HIST 150	3	Humanities / Social Science Elective	3
	18		17
Third Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
PHYS 101	3	PHYS 102	3
PHYS 191	1	PHYS 192	1
CHEM 302	5	MUSC 150 ( or ART 150)	3
RELS Catholic Studies	3	Social Science ¹	3
Elective²	3	Electives²	6
	15		16
Fourth Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 309	3	CHEM 310	3
CHEM Elective	3	CHEM 311	2
RELS Global / Contemporary	3	Humanities / Social Science Elective	3
Humanities / Social Science Elective	3	Electives	6
Modern Language	3	Modern Language	3
Elective ²	3
	18		17
Total Credits: 131

^{1 ECON 150 or POSC 150 or PSYC 150 or SOC 150.}
^{2 Of the 24 free elective credits allowed in the BA Chemistry program, at least six credits must be earned in the humanities or social sciences and six credits in the natural sciences or mathematics.}

Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry

First Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 101	3	CHEM 102	3
CHEM 103	1	CHEM 104	1
BIOL 111	3	BIOL 112	3
BIOL 191	1	BIOL 192	1
MATH 185¹	4	MATH 186¹	4
ENGL 110	3	RELS 110	3
SCI 100	1	SCI 101	1
	16		16
Second Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 319	3	CHEM 320	3
CHEM 323	2	CHEM 324	2
PHYS 101³	3	CHEM 433	3
PHYS 191³	1	PHYS 102⁴	3
LLRN 102 (or PHIL 213 or PHIL 214)	3	PHYS 192⁴	1
Modern Language	3	Modern Language	3
Social Science ²	3
	18		15
Third Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 302	5	CHEM 310	3
CHEM 309	3	CHEM 311	2
CHEM 457	3	CHEM 434	3
CHEM 436	2	CHEM 459	2
HIST 150	3	BIOL 217	3
		BIOL 297	1
		PHIL 150	3
	16		17
Fourth Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
ENGL 150	3	CHEM 335 (or CHEM 437)	3
Advanced Biology Elective⁵	3-4	MUSC 150 (or ART 150)	3
Electives⁶	6	RELS Global / Contemporary	3
RELS Catholic Studies	3	Electives	6
		Social Sciences²	3
	15-16		18
Total Credits: 131-132

^{1 MATH 155 & MATH 156 may replace MATH 185 & MATH 186.}
^{2 ECON 150 or POSC 150 or PSYC 150 or SOC 150.}
^{3 PHYS 107 & PHYS 197 may replace PHYS 101 & PHYS 191.}
^{4 PHYS 108 & PHYS 198 may replace PHYS 102 & PHYS 192.}
^{5 The advanced biology elective should be chosen from the following courses: BIOL 225 Microbiology, BIOL 312 Advanced Biology for Biochemists, BIOL 319 Cellular Biochemistry/Physiology, BIOL 320 Animal Physiology, BIOL 321 Molecular Cell Biology or BIOL 405 Neurobiology.}
^{6 CHEM 456 Advanced Topics in Biochemistry is highly recommended as a natural sciences elective for all biochemistry majors. CHEM 456 is required for the Honors Biochemistry Degree.}

Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry

First Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 101	3	CHEM 102	3
CHEM 103	1	CHEM 104	1
BIOL 111	3	BIOL 112	3
BIOL 191	1	BIOL 192	1
ENGL 110	3	MATH 186¹	4
MATH 185¹	4	RELS 110	3
SCI 100	1
	16		15
Second Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 319	3	CHEM 320	3
CHEM 323	2	CHEM 324	2
HIST 150	3	CHEM 433	3
LLRN 102 (or PHIL 213 or PHIL 214)²	3	PHIL 150	3
Social Sciences²	3	Modern Language	3
Modern Language	3
	17		14
Third Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 457	3	CHEM 434	3
CHEM 436	2	CHEM 459	2
PHYS 101³	3	PHYS 102⁴	3
PHYS 191³	1	PHYS 192⁴	1
ENGL 150	3	Electives⁵	3
Electives⁵	3	BIOL 217	3
		BIOL 297	1
	15		16
Fourth Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
CHEM 302	5	Electives⁵	3
CHEM 309	3	Social Sciences⁶	12-13
MUSC 150 (ART 150)	3	Social Sciences	3
RELS Catholic Studies	3
Electives⁵	3
	17		18-19
Total Credits: 128-129

^{1 MATH 155 & MATH 156 may replace MATH 185 & MATH 186.}
^{2 ECON 150 or POSC 150 or PSYC 150 or SOC 150.}
^{3 PHYS 107 & PHYS 197 may replace PHYS 101 & PHYS 191.}
^{4 PHYS 108 & PHYS 198 may replace PHYS 102 & PHYS 192.}
^{5 Of the 21 free elective credits allowed in the BA biochemistry program, at least six credits must be earned in the humanities or social sciences and six credits in the natural sciences or mathematics.}
⁶ ^{CHEM 456 Advanced Topics in Biochemistry is highly recommended as a natural science elective for all biochemistry majors.}

Environmental Science

Environmental issues represent some of the most important challenges facing the planet in the 21^st century. As the nation's focus on the environment continues to grow, there is an ever-increasing demand for environmental science jobs. If you're seeking a career in this field, you can look forward to a far more robust job market than graduates of many other disciplines according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The goal of the Environmental Science program is to provide a foundation for understanding issues and solving problems involving our natural environment. It is an interdisciplinary science program that focuses on the state of the environment and serious environmental problems that the world faces. The program provides students with a strong science background focused on the environmental issues. Students will be expected to take a variety of courses in numerous departments. Through a series of academic courses and co-curricular activities, you will get hands-on experience and obtain the critical thinking and problem-solving skills necessary in order to solve the complex, interdisciplinary environmental problems facing the local community and society at large. The Environmental Sciences Program offers Bachelor of Science degree and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Environmental Sciences.

Our interdisciplinary science program is supported by a team of academic departments. Professors work closely with Environmental Sciences undergraduates as their study becomes more specialized. Such individual attention leads to fruitful partnerships when students become involved in research and other student-centered learning activities. Through coursework, projects and activities, you will develop scientific research, writing, and presentation skills.

Degree Plans
The following programs are offered:

Major in Environmental Science
- Bachelor of Science Degree
- Bachelor of Arts Degree
Minor in Environmental Science

Individual Attention and Mentoring

Students will receive individual attention during their entire undergraduate career. Each student plans a course of study in close cooperation with a faculty advisor, and the student's progress is closely coordinated with developing interests. Undergraduates are strongly encouraged to pursue independent research as an essential part of their educational program.

Career Choices

According to Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of environmental scientists is projected to grow faster than the average for all occupations. You will be prepared to enter government, academic, private or non-profit careers or to continue your education in a variety of scientific disciplines. Graduates would be trained to work in fields including environmental consulting, laboratory or field research, environmental education, medical school, environmental law, engineering, toxicology and waste management.

Major in Environmental Science

A minimum grade of C is required for all courses in the major. Students in this program must maintain a 2.8 GPA in the major by the end of the fourth semester. Students who do not maintain this GPA are advised not to continue in the major.

The following courses are required for all bachelors degrees (B.A. and B.S.). In addition, students pursuing a B.S. degree take 3 major elective courses* and students pursuing a B.A. degree take 2 major elective courses*.

ENSC 101	Intro to Environmental Science	3
ENSC 301	Environmental Science I	3
ENSC 302	Environmental Science II	4
CHEM 101	General Chemistry I	3
CHEM 103	General Chemistry Laboratory I	1
CHEM 102	General Chemistry II	3
CHEM 104	General Chemistry Laboratory II	1
CHEM 302	Analytical Chemistry	5
CHEM 319	Organic Chemistry I	3
CHEM 323	Organic Chemistry Laboratory I	2
BIOL 111	General Biology I	3
BIOL 191	General Biology I Lab	1
BIOL 112	General Biology II	3
BIOL 192	General Biology II Lab	1
BIOL 223	Ecology	3
BIOL 293	Ecology Lab	1
MATH 185	Calculus I (MATH 155 or MATH 185)	4
MATH 186	Calculus II (MATH 156 or MATH 186)	4
MATH 336	Applied Statistics	3
PHYS 107	Introduction to Physics I	3
PHYS 193	Introduction to Physics I Lab	1
PHYS 108	Introduction to Physics II	3
PHYS 194	Introduction to Physics II Lab	1
CMPT 155	Computer Applications for Life Sciences	3
PHP 418	Introduction to Environmental Health	3
Total Credits		65

Students pursing the B.S. degree will also need to take:

CHEM 335	Inorganic Chemistry	3
CHEM 460	Chemical Research	1

*Major Elective Courses

SCI 202	Introduction Geology	3
SCI 210	Introductory Oceanography	3
SCI 221	Introduction Meteorology	3
CHEM 309	Physical Chemistry I	3
CHEM 433	Biochemistry I	3
CHEM 111	Nanoscience I	3
CHEM 320	Organic Chemistry II	3
CHEM 323	Organic Chemistry Laboratory I	2
BIOL 217	Genetics	3
BIOL 297	Genetics Lab	1
BIOL 225	Microbiology	3
BIOL 295	Microbiology Lab	1
BIOL 231	Evolution	3
BIOL 291	Evolution Laboratory	1
BIOL 305	Plant Biology	3
BIOL 385	Plant Biology Laboratory	1
BIOL 320	Animal Physiology	3
BIOL 390	Animal Physiology Laboratory	1
ENGS 204	Environmental Engineering Principles I	3
ENVL 517	Environmental Law	3
SOC 334	Sustainable Development	3
POSC 223	Environmental Politics	3
PHP 418	Introduction to Environmental Health	3
ENVG 510	Hazardous Waste Management	3
ENVG 506	Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes	3

Minor in Environmental Science

The minor in Environmental Science requires the following courses for a total of 17 credits. A minimum grade of C is required for all courses.

ENSC 101	Intro to Environmental Science	3
CHEM 101	General Chemistry I	3
CHEM 103	General Chemistry Laboratory I	1
CHEM 102	General Chemistry II	3
CHEM 104	General Chemistry Laboratory II	1
ENSC 301	Environmental Science I	3
CHEM 319	Organic Chemistry I	3

PLANS OF STUDY

Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science

First Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
ENSC 101	3	CHEM 102	3
CHEM 101	3	CHEM 104	1
CHEM 103	1	BIOL 112	3
BIOL 111	3	BIOL 192	1
BIOL 191	1	MATH 156 or 186	4
MATH 155 or 185	4	SCI 101	1
SCI 100	1	RELS 110 or ENGL 110	3
	16		16
Second Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
BIOL 223	3	CHEM 335	3
BIOL 293	1	MATH 336	3
CHEM 319	3	Modern Language	3
CHEM 323	2	ECON/POSC/PSYC/SOC	3
Modern Language	3	PHP 418	3
ENGL 110 (or RELS 110)	3
CMPT 155	3
	18		15
Third Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
ENSC 301	3	ENSC 302	4
CHEM 302	5	PHYS 108	3
PHYS 107	3	PHYS 194	1
PHYS 193	1	PHIL 150	3
Free Elective	3	PHIL 213 or LLRN 102	3
		RELS Catholic Studies	3
	15		17
Fourth Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
Major Elective	3-4	Major Elective	3-4
Major Elective	3-4	2 Free Electives	6
RELS Contemporary Studies	3	MUSC 150 or ART 150	3
ECON/POSC/SOC/PSYC	3	ENGL 150	3
HIST 150	3	Research	1
	15-17		16-17
Total Credits: 128-131

Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Science

First Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
ENSC 101	3	CHEM 102	3
CHEM 101	3	CHEM 104	1
CHEM 103	1	BIOL 112	3
BIOL 111	3	BIOL 192	1
BIOL 191	1	MATH 156 or 186	4
MATH 155 or 185	4	SCI 101	1
SCI 100	1	RELS 110 or ENGL 110	3
	16		16
Second Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
BIOL 223	3	MATH 336	3
BIOL 293	1	PHP 418	3
CHEM 319	3	ECON/POSC/SOC/PSYC 150	3
CHEM 323	2	Modern Language	3
Modern Language	3	CMPT 155	3
ENGL 110 (or RELS 110)	3
	15		15
Third Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
ENSC 301	3	ENSC 302	4
CHEM 302	5	PHYS 108	3
Free Elective	3	PHYS 194	1
PHYS 193	1	PHIL 150	3
PHYS 107	3	RELS Catholic Studies	3
		PHIL 213 or LLRN 102	3
	15		17
Fourth Year
Fall	Credits	Spring	Credits
Major Elective	3-4	Major Elective	3-4
2 Free Electives	6	RELS Contemporary Global	3
ECON/POSC/SOC/PSYC 150	3	MUSC or ART 150	3
HIST 150	3	Free Elective	3
		ENGL 150	3
	15-16		15-16
Total Credits: 124-126

Biochemistry Courses

BIOC 475. Internship for Seniors. 3 Credits.

Biology Courses

BIOL 092. Biology Elective. 3 Credits.

BIOL 099. Biology Bridge Course. 0 Credits.

This is a Pre-Freshman Biology course designed to introduce students to the nature of modern biology as it is taught at Manhattan College and to prepare them to be successful in General Biology. Using a combination of classroom techniques, including interactive lectures, problem-solving and facilitated discussions, this course focuses on selected topics that are normally covered in the General Biology majors courses. In addition, this course seeks to develop transferable skills that incorporate successful strategies for the deep learning and application of modern Biology, such as critical thinking and reading, effective note-taking, and exam preparation.

BIOL 103. Introduction to Biology. 2 Credits.

A basic study of the principles and applications of biology in contemporary life. Two lectures and one two-hour laboratory period.

BIOL 111. General Biology I. 3 Credits.

An exploration of the central concepts of cell biology, cell physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolution. Three 1-hr lectures. The General Biology sequence (BIOL 111-BIOL 114) is required for those majoring in Biology or Pre-Med. Offered alternating semesters. Co-requisite: BIOL 113. Offered Fall/Spring.

BIOL 112. General Biology II. 3 Credits.

An exploration of the central concepts of evolution, biodiversity, organismal anatomy and physiology, and ecology. Three 1-hr lectures. The General Biology sequence (BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114) is required for those majoring in Biology or Pre-Med. Prerequisite: Grade of C or better in BIOL 111. Pre-requisites: BIOL 111 and BIOL 113. Co-requisite: BIOL 114. Offered Fall/Spring.

BIOL 119. General Biology II. 2 Credits.

An exploration of the central concepts of evolution, biodiversity, organismal anatomy and physiology, and ecology. Three 1-hr lectures. The General Biology sequence (BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114) is required for those majoring in Biology or Pre-Med. This course is restricted only to students who wish to repeat BIOL 112 to fulfill the credit requirement under the previous course catalog. Prerequisite: Grade of C or better in BIOL 111 and BIOL 113. Co-requisite: BIOL 114. Offered: Fall/Spring.

BIOL 120. General Biology II Laboratory. 2 Credits.

An exploration of the central concepts of evolution, biodiversity, organismal anatomy and physiology, and ecology. One 3-hr laboratory. The General Biology sequence (BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114) is required for those majoring in Biology or Pre-Med. This course is restricted only to students who wish to repeat BIOL 112 to fulfill the credit requirement under the previous course catalog. Prerequisite: Grade C or better in BIOL 111 & BIOL 113. Co-requisite: BIOL 112. Offered: Fall/Spring.

BIOL 121. General Biology I Honors. 4 Credits.

General Biology I is a foundation-level course that is a prerequisite for a second-level course, General Biology II. Although the topics covered in this course are similar to BIOL 111, students will examine them in greater depth. Offered: Fall. Co-requisite: BIOL 123.

BIOL 122. General Biology II Honors. 4 Credits.

General Biology II Honors is a second semester sequence of BIOL 121. It is a foundation-level course that examines the relationship between organisms. Although the topics covered in this course are similar to BIOL 112, students will examine them in greater depth. Offered: Spring semester. Pre-requisite: Grade of B or better in BIOL 121. Co-requisite: BIOL 124.

BIOL 123. General Biology I Laboratory Honors. 0 Credits.

An exploration of the central concepts of cell biology, cell physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolution. One 3-hr laboratory. The topics covered in this course are similar to BIOL 113, but in BIOL 123 students will examine them in greater depth. Offered: Fall. Co-requisite: BIOL 121.

BIOL 124. General Biology II Lab Honors. 0 Credits.

An exploration of the relationship between organisms. One 3-hr laboratory. The topics covered in this course are similar to BIOL 114. In BIOL 124, students will examine them in greater depth. Offered: Spring.

BIOL 125. General Biology I. 2 Credits.

An exploration of the central concepts of cell biology, cell physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolution. Three 1-hr lectures. The General Biology sequence (BIOL 111-BIOL 114) is required for those majoring in Biology or Pre-Med. This course is restricted only to students who wish to repeat BIOL 111 to fulfill the credit requirement under the previous course catalog.Offered alternating semesters. Co-requisite: BIOL 126.

BIOL 126. General Biology I Laboratory. 2 Credits.

An exploration of the central concepts of cell biology, cell physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolution. One 3-hr laboratory. The General Biology sequence (BIOL 111-BIOL 114) is required for those majoring in Biology or Pre-Med.This course is restricted only to students who wish to repeat BIOL 113 to fulfill the credit requirement under the previous course catalog. Offered alternating semesters. Co-requisite: BIOL 125.

BIOL 131. Principles of Biology I. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the basic principles and concepts of cell biology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolution with emphasis on human biology. Three one-hour lectures per week with a three-hour, co-requisite lab (BIOL 133). The Principles of Biology sequence (BIOL 131-134)* is intended for those not majoring in Biology or Pre-Med. Offered alternating semesters. Co-requisite lab: BIOL 133. *The BIOL 131-134 sequence replaces the closed BIOL 115-118 sequence.

BIOL 132. Principles of Biology II. 3 Credits.

This is part two of our introduction to the basic principles and concepts of cell biology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolution with emphasis on human biology. Three one-hour lectures per week with a three-hour, co-requisite lab (BIOL 134). The Principles of Biology sequence (BIOL 131-134)* is intended for those not majoring in Biology or Pre-Med. Offered alternating semesters. Co-requisite lab: BIOL 134. *The BIOL 131-134 sequence replaces the closed BIOL 115-118 sequence. Prerequisite: BIOL 131.

BIOL 181. Principles of Biology I Lab. 1 Credit.

This is a laboratory course (three hours weekly) to provide practice with hands-on techniques in cell and molecular biology, as well as in genetics and evolution. It is also used to help students practice scientific methodologies via experimental exercises which also provides practice with critical thinking. The Principles of Biology sequence (BIOL 131-132) is intended for those not majoring in Biology or Pre-Med. Offered alternating semesters. Co-requisite lecture: BIOL 131.

BIOL 182. Principles of Biology II Lab. 1 Credit.

This is a laboratory course (three hours weekly) to provide practice with hands-on techniques in cell and molecular biology, as well as in genetics and evolution. It is also used to help students practice scientific methodologies via experimental exercises; which also provides practice with critical thinking. The Principles of Biology sequence (BIOL 131-132) is intended for those not majoring in Biology or Pre-Med. Offered alternating semesters. Co-requisite lecture BIOL 132.

BIOL 183. Introduction to Biology Lab. 1 Credit.

A basic study of the principles and applications of biology in contemporary life. One two hour laboratory period.

BIOL 191. General Biology I Lab. 1 Credit.

BIOL 192. General Biology II Lab. 1 Credit.

BIOL 207. Anatomy and Physiology I. 3 Credits.

Structure and functions of the organs and systems of the human body with expanded coverage of topics such as mechanisms of disease. Topics include: biology of the cell, histology, and skeletal, muscular & nervous systems. Two 1-hr lectures and one 3-hr laboratory. Offered alternating semesters. Biology majors in the Education studies and Pre-Physical Therapy studies may take this course for Biology credit.

BIOL 208. Anatomy and Physiology II. 3 Credits.

Structure and functions of the organs and systems of the human body with expanded coverage of topics such as mechanisms of disease. Topics include: digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, reproductive and endocrine systems. Three 1-hr lectures. Offered alternating semesters. Biology majors in the Education studies and Pre-Physical Therapy studies may take this course for Biology credit. Prerequisites: BIOL 207 and BIOL 209.

BIOL 217. Genetics. 3 Credits.

Genetics explores basic facts to major principles of chromosomal, molecular, quantitative, population, and evolutionary genetics. Pre-requisites are General Biology I (BIOL 111 or 121) and General Biology II (BIOL 112 or 122) with grades of C or better. Co-requisite: BIOL 218. Offered: Spring.

BIOL 221. Introductory Nutrition. 3 Credits.

A survey of human nutritional needs throughout the life cycle. Recommended for Nursing, Physical Education, and Liberal Arts majors. Three lectures. Fall, Spring.

BIOL 222. Biology for Engineers. 2 Credits.

The general principles of modern science and biology, with focus on engineering solutions to biological problems, including pollution, bio-remediation, genetic engineering and risk assessment. Two one-hour lectures and one two-hour lab per week.

BIOL 223. Ecology. 3 Credits.

Introduction to the study of the distribution and abundance of organisms. Survey of ecological principles at the level of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems with emphasis on quantitative analysis. Three 1-hr lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: BIOL 111 and BIOL 112 or BIOL 121 and BIOL 122 or consent of the instructor. Co-requisite: BIOL 220. Fall.

BIOL 225. Microbiology. 3 Credits.

Introduction to microbial physiology, genetics, and ecology with an emphasis on the role of microbes in the environment and infectious disease. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr laboratory period per week. Co-requisite: BIOL 226. Prerequisite: C or better in General Biology I (BIOL 111 or 121) and C or better in General Biology II (BIOL 113 or 122).

BIOL 231. Evolution. 3 Credits.

Evolution is an introduction to the central organizing theme in biology. The course examines the basic mechanisms for evolution at various scales, ranging from molecular to ecological levels. Major topics include evolutionary genetics, microevolution, speciation, macroevolution, and evolutionary medicine. It consists of weekly three one-hour lectures and one three-hour lab, the co-requisite BIOL 232. Pre-requisites are General Biology I (BIOL 111 or 121) and General Biology II (BIOL 112 or 122) with grades of C or better. Fall Semester.

BIOL 287. Anatomy & Physiology I Lab. 1 Credit.

Required Lab portion of BIOL 207. Must be taken with BIOL 207.

BIOL 288. Anatomy & Physiology II Lab. 1 Credit.

BIOL 291. Evolution Laboratory. 1 Credit.

The lab for Evolution is used for a variety of purposes. These include anatomical studies (especially in regard to discovering homologous structures in diverse species), quantitative studies (Hardy-Weinberg, heritability measures), literature searches and reviews, “journal club” style discussions, group projects and presentations, as well as some biodiversity studies that take us to off-campus venues, such as Van Cortlandt Park, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Bronx Zoo. Pre-requisites are General Biology I (BIOL 111) and General Biology II (BIOL 112) with grades of C or better. Co-requisite: BIOL 231. Fall.

BIOL 292. Biology for Engineers Lab. 1 Credit.

The general principles of modern science and biology, with focus on engineering solutions to biological problems, including pollution, bioremediation, genetic engineering and risk assessment. One 2 hour lab per week. Co-Requisite: BIOL 222.

BIOL 293. Ecology Lab. 1 Credit.

BIOL 295. Microbiology Lab. 1 Credit.

Microbiology Lab - corequisite for BIOL 225.

BIOL 297. Genetics Lab. 1 Credit.

The three-hour, weekly genetics lab uses experimental methods, specialized software, and problem solving to explore aspects of chromosomal, molecular, quantitative, population, and evolutionary genetics. Pre-requisites are General Biology I (BIOL 111) and General Biology II (BIOL 112) with grades of C or better. Co-requisite: BIOL 217. Offered: Spring.

BIOL 301. Comparative Chordate Anatomy. 3 Credits.

An anatomical survey of chordate evolution, with an emphasis on human anatomy, where homologous structures are examined in diverse chordate organisms. Form, function, and phylogeny are explored from worm-like chordates and sharks to dinosaurs, birds, as well as humans and other mammals. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, or BIOL 121 or BIOL 122 or consent of the instructor. Co-requisite: BIOL 313.

BIOL 302. Developmental Biology. 3 Credits.

A study of the cellular and molecular processes underlying the development of various organisms. Emphasis will be placed on fertilization events, spatial organization, pattern formation and gene action in development. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr hour laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, or consent of the instructor.

BIOL 304. Invertebrate Zoology. 3 Credits.

Morphological and physiological characteristics of selected invertebrates and consideration of their ecological relationships. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, and BIOL 223 or consent of the instructor.

BIOL 305. Plant Biology. 3 Credits.

Physiological, biochemical and anatomical aspects of plants will be studied in the context of their native environments. The molecular, hormonal and physiological basis for plant adaptations will be stressed. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, or consent of the instructor. Co-requisite: BIOL 303.

BIOL 310. Research in Biology for Juniors. 2 Credits.

Investigation of challenging problems. Four hours/credit per week including a conference with sponsor. Results may lead to an off-campus presentation. Sponsorship by a faculty member of the Biology Department must be obtained in advance. Pre-requisite: Junior Status, BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114.

BIOL 311. Research in Biology for Juniors. 2 Credits.

BIOL 312. Advanced Biology for Biochemists. 3 Credits.

In-depth analysis of molecules directing cellular structure. Emphasis will be placed on the molecular mechanisms of cellular function and interactions. Topics will include: organelle structure/function, intra- and intercellular signaling, and cell cycle control. Three lecture hours. Prerequisite BIOL 217 and CHEM 323.

BIOL 317. Research in Biology for Juniors. 3 Credits.

Investigation of challenging problems. Four hours per credit per week including a conference with sponsor. Results may lead to an off-campus presentation. Sponsorship by a faculty member of the Biology Department must be obtained in advance. Offered: Fall and Spring.

BIOL 318. Advances in Nutrition. 2 Credits.

Recent developments in human nutrition with emphasis on clinical conditions. Recommended for upper-class pre-health professional students. One lecture hour and one 3-hr laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, or consent of the instructor.

BIOL 319. Cellular BioChemistry/Physiology. 3 Credits.

Dynamic aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of the cell, including thermodynamics, oxidation/reduction, respiration, enzymes, membranes, cell signaling and metabolic pathways. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, or BIOL 121, BIOL 122 and BIOL 217 and CHEM 319, or consent of the instructor. Co-requisite: BIOL 323.

BIOL 320. Animal Physiology. 3 Credits.

Discovery of the major principles of animal (especially humans) functions. Topics include (1) procurement and use of energy, (2) growth, (3) internal organ functions, reproduction, and adaptations to diverse environments. Emphasis is placed on tissue, organ and organism functions. Various taxa will be examined in lab, especially humans. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, or consent of the instructor. Co-requisite: BIOL 324.

BIOL 321. Molecular Cell Biology. 3 Credits.

BIOL 326. Animal Behavior. 3 Credits.

The biological basis of animal behavior from an ecological and evolutionary perspective. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr laboratory or field work period.

BIOL 360. Independent Study in Biology for Juniors. 2 Credits.

Independent study of an area in biology. Up to ten hours per week, including a conference with sponsor, plus a final paper are required. Sponsorship by a faculty member of the Biology Department must be obtained in advance. Pre-requisite: Junior Status, BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, or consent of the instructor.

BIOL 375. Internship for Juniors. 2 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to one of the areas of biology. Frequent meetings with the advisor plus a paper are required. Sponsorship by a faculty member of the Biology Department must be obtained in advance. Pre-requisite: Junior Status, 3.0 GPA, and permission of the student's advisor and the chair.

BIOL 381. Compar Chordate Anatomy Lab. 1 Credit.

BIOL 382. Developmental Biology Lab. 1 Credit.

The laboratory will focus on the fundamental techniques used by developmental biologists. One three-hour laboratory per week. Corequisite BIOL 302. Prerequisites: BIOL111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113 or BIOL 191, and BIOL 114 or BIOL 192.

BIOL 384. Invertebrate Zoology Lab. 1 Credit.

BIOL 385. Plant Biology Laboratory. 1 Credit.

BIOL 390. Animal Physiology Laboratory. 1 Credit.

Discovery of the major principles of animal (especially humans) functions. Topics include (1) procurement and use of energy. (2) growth, (3) internal organ functions, reproduction, and adaptations to diverse environments. Emphasis is placed on tissue, organ and organism functions. Various taxa will be examined in lab, especially humans. One 3 hour lab per week.

BIOL 391. Molecular Cell Biology Lab. 1 Credit.

In-depth analysis of molecules directing cellular structure. Emphasis will be placed on the molecular mechanisms of cellular functions and interactions. Topics will include: organelle structure/function, intra-and intercellular signaling, and cell cycle control. One three hour laboratory per week. Spring.

BIOL 396. Animal Behavior Laboratory. 1 Credit.

One 3-hr laboratory or field work period companion to the BIOL 326 lecture. (The biological basis of animal behavior from an ecological and evolutionary perspective).

BIOL 399. Cellular BioChemistry/Physiology Laboratory. 1 Credit.

Dynamic aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of cells, including thermodynamics, oxidation/reduction, respiration, metabolic pathways, enzymes, membranes, cell signaling and cellular control mechanisms. One 3 hour lab per week.

BIOL 400. Research in Biology. 1 Credit.

I Investigation of challenging problems. Four hours/credit per week including a conference with sponsor. Results may lead to an off-campus presentation. Sponsorship by a faculty member of the Biology Department must be obtained in advance. Offered: Fall and Spring Prerequisites: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114.

BIOL 404. Biology Colloquium I. 1 Credit.

This course is the first half of the Biology majors capstone in which students will eventually present a full-length document on a biological subject, that will either be a review paper or a research paper. Training in reading and comprehension of scientific papers, understanding statistical analysis issues, constructing a reference section, writing for science and power-point construction issues. Four weeks of journal club sessions. Proposal preparation for a monograph. One discussion period. Offered: Fall.

BIOL 405. Neurobiology. 3 Credits.

An examination of the basic principles of the nervous system including the cellular and molecular biology of the neuron, synaptic transmission, sensory and motor systems and their integration. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 217 or consent of the instructor.

BIOL 406. Special Topics: in Biology. 3 Credits.

Current problems and studies in biology. Consult department chair for topic. Four lecture hours OR three lecture hours and one 3-hr laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, or consent of the instructor.

BIOL 408. Sustainable Agriculture. 3 Credits.

This course focuses on crop management, conservation agriculture, depletion of resources, and global challenges caused by climate change. Prerequisites are CHEM 101, BIOL 111,112,113,114. Offered in Fall semester.

BIOL 409. Marine Biology. 3 Credits.

Principles of marine ecology in an oceanic environment with emphasis on tropical communities. Three lecture hours per week are held on campus, but the field portion of the course is taught during the mid-semester recess in the Caribbean. Students in this course will be charged an additional lab fee to cover the transportation, room & board, and activities costs associated with the field trip. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, and BIOL 223 or consent of the instructor.

BIOL 410. Research in Biology for Seniors. 2 Credits.

Investigation of challenging problems. Four hours/credit per week including a conference with sponsor. Results should ordinarily lead to an off-campus presentation. Sponsorship by a faculty member of the Biology Department must be obtained in advance. Offered: Fall.

BIOL 411. Research in Biology for Seniors. 2 Credits.

BIOL 413. Research in Biology for Seniors. 3 Credits.

Investigation of challenging problems. Five hours/credit per week including a conference with sponsor. Results should ordinarily lead to an off-campus presentation. Sponsorship by a faculty member of the Biology Department must be obtained in advance. Offered: Fall and Spring.

BIOL 414. Biology Colloquium II. 1 Credit.

This course is the second part of the Biology majors capstone course. Study and discussion of biological topics, exposure to various presentation styles by external speakers, sitting in for the Biology major field test, completion and presentation of a monograph. One discussion period. Offered: Spring. Prerequisite: BIOL 404.

BIOL 426. Immunology. 3 Credits.

Study of fundamental properties of antigens and antibodies. Theories of antibody production, tolerance, transplantation immunity, autoimmunity, tumor immunology, and immunochemistry. Introduction to antibody-mediated and cell-mediated reactions. Four lecture hours. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, BIOL 217, BIOL 321, and BIOL 322.

BIOL 431. Freshwater Ecology. 3 Credits.

Study of the ecology of freshwater communities, including physical, chemical, and biotic components with emphasis on a comparison of major freshwater systems. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr field or laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, and BIOL 223 or consent of the instructor.

BIOL 432. Estuarine and Coastal Ecology. 3 Credits.

Studies of estuarine and near-shore marine ecosystems with emphasis on local temperate habitats. Three lecture hours and one 3-hr field or laboratory period. Pre-requisite: BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, BIOL 114, and BIOL 223 or consent of the instructor.

BIOL 441. Cardiovascular Biology. 3 Credits.

Anatomical, physiological, pathological and nutritional aspects of the human cardiovascular system. Three lectures and a monograph based on library research or supervised laboratory experience at a hospital cardiac stress testing laboratory. Prerequisites: BIOL 207 and BIOL 208.

BIOL 460. Independent Study in Biology. 1-3 Credit.

Independent Study in Biology. Independent study of an area in biology. Ten hours per week including a conference with sponsor. Sponsorship by a faculty member of the Biology Department must be obtained in advance. Fall, Spring.

BIOL 475. Internship for Seniors. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of biology. Frequent meetings with the advisor plus a paper are required. Sponsorship by a faculty member of the Biology Department must be obtained in advance. Prerequisites: Senior status, 3.0 GPA, and permission of the student's advisor or the Chair.

BIOL 485. Neurobiology Laboratory. 1 Credit.

Neurobiology Lab - corequisite: BIOL 405.

BIOL 486. Topics in Biology Laboratory. 1 Credit.

BIOL 489. Marine Biology Laboratory. 1 Credit.

BIOL 491. Freshwater Ecology Laboratory. 1 Credit.

BIOL 492. Estuarine & Coastal Ecology Laboratory. 1 Credit.

BIOL 496. Immunology Laboratory. 1 Credit.

Chemistry Courses

CHEM 100. Foundations of Chemistry. 3 Credits.

A course in fundamental principles and applications of chemistry to the living world. Two lectures and one two-hour laboratory period. This course is designed for students majoring in the Arts, in Physical Education, or in Radiological Sciences and cannot be used as a substitute for any other course in chemistry.

CHEM 101. General Chemistry I. 3 Credits.

The fundamental laws and principles of chemistry of matter and energy, stoichiometry and chemical equations, thermochemistry, atomic structure, periodic relationships, and chemical bonding. Three lectures per week. Prerequisite: a high school chemistry course or CHEM 100. Pre- or corequisite: CHEM 103.

CHEM 102. General Chemistry II. 3 Credits.

The fundamental laws and principles of chemistry of gases, intermolecular forces, properties of solutions, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acid-base equilibria and oxidation-reduction reactions. Three lectures per week. Prerequisite: CHEM 101. It is required that a student achieve a grade of C or higher in CHEM 101 before taking CHEM 102. Pre- or corequisite: CHEM 104.

CHEM 103. General Chemistry Laboratory I. 1 Credit.

Laboratory experiments that illustrate and test the principles learned in CHEM 101, and that give students experience in basic chemistry laboratory procedures: the meaning of chemical reactivity; the synthesis and analysis of chemical compounds; reactions in aqueous solution; gravimetric and volumetric analysis; atomic structure and the nature of color; thermochemistry. Three laboratory hours. Corequisite: CHEM 101.

CHEM 104. General Chemistry Laboratory II. 1 Credit.

Laboratory experiments that illustrate and test the principles learned in CHEM 102, and that develop the students’ laboratory technique: synthesis and analysis of a transition metal complex; quantitative spectrophotometry; determination of rate laws and activation energy; acid-base chemistry, titrations, and calculations; chemical equilibrium with emphasis on the aqueous chemistry of metal ions; and electrochemistry. Three laboratory hours. Prerequisite: A grade of C or higher in both CHEM 101 and CHEM 103. Corequisite: CHEM 102.

CHEM 105. General Chemistry I. 4 Credits.

An introductory course in the principles of chemistry, with application to the health sciences. Fundamentals of general chemistry, organic chemistry and biochemistry. Appropriate laboratory exercises illustrate these principles and develop techniques. This course cannot be taken as a prerequisite for Organic Chemistry. Three lectures and one three-hour laboratory period per week.

CHEM 106. General Chemistry II. 4 Credits.

CHEM 111. Nanoscience I. 3 Credits.

This course will explore the basics of nanoscience, with an emphasis on its broad impact on society. The goal of this course is to introduce students to nanoscience, highlighting the extensive interdisciplinary nature of nanoscience. Topics include what is the nanoscale, what are the advantages of nanoscale substances, and various applications of nanomaterials. Pre-requisite: CHEM 101.

CHEM 112. Introduction to Materials Chemistry. 3 Credits.

This course introduces students to the interesting world of materials. Materials properties range from mechanical to electrical and our goal is to understand how these materials are created from a chemical perspective. To create a novel functional material, researchers study the relationship between composition, structure, and properties. The goal of this course is to give a broad survey of (1) how materials are made: from nanometer scale to macroscopic size, (2) how we describe the structure of materials, and (3) how we exploit the properties to create functional devices. Prerequisite: A grade of C or better in CHEM 101.

CHEM 197. General Chemistry: Honors. 4 Credits.

An intensive introductory course in all the major branches of chemistry, including biochemistry. The level at which material is introduced will vary so as to adjust to the backgrounds of the students. The laboratory will include some open ended experiments designed to develop an appreciation for creative research. Admission to the course is by invitation of the professor in charge of the course and is not restricted to chemistry majors. Three lectures and one three-hour laboratory period per week. Registration only with permission of instructor.

CHEM 199. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Wine making. 3 Credits.

This course provides insights into the interplay of chemical and biochemical reactions that occur in wine during the winemaking process. An understanding of such reactions establishes the necessary background for making informed decisions on wine production. Students learn the importance of grape varieties, terroir, acidity, sugar and polyphenolic compounds, the process of fermentation and other critical topics associated with wine chemistry and biochemistry. Guided visits to vineyards in Tuscany and characteristic "Enoteche" in Florence.

CHEM 302. Analytical Chemistry. 5 Credits.

Principles and applications of classical wet analytical techniques such as gravimetric and volumetric methods, as well as modern analytical techniques, such as electrochemistry, spectroscopy and chromatography. Statistical evaluation of analytical data. Three lectures and a four hour laboratory. Prerequisite: CHEM 102. It is required that a student achieve a grade of C or higher in CHEM 102 before taking CHEM 302.

CHEM 309. Physical Chemistry I. 3 Credits.

The application of thermodynamics to the study of the states of matter, phase equilibria, chemical equilibria, thermal chemistry, and electrochemistry. Chemical kinetics, diffusion and the migration of ions. Elucidation of the molecular structure of matter by classical physical and quantum mechancial considerations. Prerequisite: CHEM 102. Corequisites: MATH 285, and PHYS 102 or PHYS 108.

CHEM 310. Physical Chemistry II. 3 Credits.

The application of thermodynamics to the study of the states of matter, phase equilibria, chemical equilibria, thermal chemistry, and electrochemistry. Chemical kinetics, diffusion and the migration of ions. Elucidation of the molecular structure of matter by classical physical and quantum mechanical considerations. Prerequisite: CHEM 102. Corequisites: MATH 285 or MATH 201, and PHYS 102 or PHYS 108.

CHEM 311. Physical Chemistry Laboratory. 2 Credits.

Laboratory studies of physical chemical measurements on gases, heats of chemical processes, equilibrium, emf and conductance. A four hour laboratory. Corequisite: CHEM 310.

CHEM 319. Organic Chemistry I. 3 Credits.

The chemistry of carbon compounds. Emphasis on structure and mechanisms of organic reactions. Three lectures and one problem period. Prerequisite: CHEM 102.

CHEM 320. Organic Chemistry II. 3 Credits.

The chemistry of carbon compounds. Emphasis on structure and mechanisms of organic reactions. Three lectures and one problem period. Prerequisite: CHEM 319.

CHEM 323. Organic Chemistry Laboratory I. 2 Credits.

Synthesis, purification, analysis, mechanistic studies and spectral characterization of organic compounds. Four hours of laboratory. Prerequisite or Co-requisite: CHEM 319.

CHEM 324. Organic Chemistry Laboratory II. 2 Credits.

Synthesis, purification, analysis, mechanistic studies and spectral characterization of organic compounds. Four hours of laboratory. Prerequisite: A grade of C or better in CHEM 323 and a grade of C or better in CHEM 319. Co-requisite: CHEM 320.

CHEM 333. Solid State Materials. 4 Credits.

This course explores how solid state materials are built from chemical elements. The X-ray radiation gives us an opportunity to see how atoms are arranged on an atomic scale to compose the crystal structures, which we will study. The laboratory portion of the course will demonstrate to students how researchers create solid state materials directly from elements, without flasks and beakers. The students will gain practical skills to solve, refine and analyze the crystal structures. Crystal structures will be explained with modern crystal symmetry theory, including translational and point symmetry elements. Students will be introduced to methods to optimize the models of inorganic crystal structures, characterize the materials, and describe physical properties from calculated data. A grade of C or better in CHEM 101.

CHEM 335. Inorganic Chemistry. 3 Credits.

The chemistry of the elements and their compounds. Industrial, biochemical, enviromental, and geochemical applications of inorganic chemistry are emphasized. The periodic table, elementary bonding models and thermodynamic data are used to organize, understand, and predict chemical and physical properties of inorganic compounds. Three lectures. Prerequisite: CHEM 102.

CHEM 336. Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory. 2 Credits.

Study of the properties, synthesis and characterization of inorganic compounds. Experiments include preparations of metallic and non-metallic elements from compounds; simple salts by wet and dry methods; common gases; coordination compounds; air sensitive compounds; organometallic compounds; high temperature superconductors. A four hour laboratory. Prerequisite or Co-requisite: CHEM 335.

CHEM 375. Internship for Juniors. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to one of the areas of chemistry or biochemistry. Frequent meetings with the advisor plus a paper are required. Prerequisites: Junior status, 3.0 GPA, and permission of the student's advisor or the Chair.

CHEM 410. Physical Chemistry Laboratory II. 2 Credits.

Laboratory studies of kinetics, spectroscopy, molecular structure and molecular modeling. A four hour laboratory. Prerequisite: A grade of C or better in CHEM 311.

CHEM 415. Advanced Organic Chemistry. 3 Credits.

Structure, mechanism and synthesis in modern organic chemistry. An introduction to the chemistry of natural products and heterocyclic compounds will be included. Three lectures. Prerequisite: CHEM 320.

CHEM 421. Advanced Topics: in Chemistry. 3 Credits.

Advanced topics in chemistry will be chosen from several areas of chemistry on a rotating basis. Current course offerings include transition metal catalysts in organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, environmental chemistry, industrial chemistry, physical organic chemistry, applications of organic chemistry (dyes and fragrance/flavor chemistry) and an advanced synthesis laboratory. Other topics of current interest can be added at the discretion of the department. A student may elect the course more than once if the topics are different each time. Three lecture hours or eight laboratory hours per week. Repeatable. Prerequisites: CHEM 310, CHEM 320.

CHEM 427. Advanced Physical Chemistry. 3 Credits.

Topics in theoretical physical chemistry with an introduction to the chemical aspects of quantum and statistical mechanics, and group theory. Three lectures. Prerequisite: CHEM 310.

CHEM 433. Biochemistry I. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the chemistry of biologically important amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and hormones. Enzyme kinetics and catalysis, protein structure and function, introduction to intermediary metabolism will be included. Three lectures. Prerequisite: CHEM 319. Corequisite: CHEM 320.

CHEM 434. Biochemistry of Cellular Processes. 3 Credits.

Chemistry and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Protein folding and posttranslational modification. Three lectures. Prerequisite: CHEM 433.

CHEM 435. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. 3 Credits.

Molecular structure and bonding theory. Transition metal chemistry. An introduction to spectroscopy, catalysis, and organometallic chemistry. Three lectures. Prerequisites: CHEM 310 and CHEM 335.

CHEM 436. Biochemistry Laboratory. 2 Credits.

Four hour laboratory with emphasis on techniques used in protein and enzymology laboratories. Pre- or Corequisite: CHEM 433.

CHEM 437. Computers, Structure and Bonding. 3 Credits.

An intermediate level presentation of the fundamental ideas of metallic, ionic and covalent bonding. The consequences of these bonding schemes are then related to the plenitude of three dimensional chemical, biochemical, and crystalline structure. The latest computer software of interest to chemists and biochemists is incorporated in a hands on approach in order to render chemical structures and deduce chemical properties based on the bonding pertinent to those structures using the computer for chemical literature searching and manuscript preparation. Three lectures. Prerequisites: CHEM 309, CHEM 320, and CHEM 335.

CHEM 444. Characterization of Materials. 3 Credits.

The goal of this course is to instruct students on the theory behind the tools used to analyze materials and nanomaterials. Students will be introduced to various methods to characterize materials (including nanoscale materials) using these techniques: Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, physical property measurement systems, and others. At the end of the semester, the students will have a thorough understanding of the theoretical basis of characterization methods and will be able to select a suitable method for answering a specific question in material science research. A grade of C or better in CHEM 101.

CHEM 452. Advanced Spectroscopy. 5 Credits.

Molecular UV/Vis absorption and luminescence spectroscopy; atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy; nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry; infrared and Raman spectroscopy; mass spectroscopy. Three lectures and a four hour laboratory. Prerequisites: CHEM 302, CHEM 319, CHEM 323.

CHEM 456. Advanced Topics: Biochemistry. 3 Credits.

CHEM 457. Nucleic Acid Biochemistry. 3 Credits.

Biochemistry of molecular pathways that involve the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. Emphasis will be placed on nucleic acid structure, function relationships and those proteins associated in DNA and RNA related pathways. Topics include the biochemistry of replication, transcription, translation, DNA repair, and chromosomal higher-ordered structuring. Three lectures. Prerequisite: CHEM 433.

CHEM 459. Nucleic Acids BioChemistry Lab. 2 Credits.

Four Hours of laboratory with emphasis on techniques used in nucleic acid laboratories. Fall or Spring. Prerequisite: CHEM 433. Corequisite: CHEM 457.

CHEM 460. Chemical Research. 1 Credit.

An investigation of an original nature carried out by the student under the guidance of a faculty member; a brief written report is submitted to and approved by the faculty of the department.

CHEM 461. Chemical Research. 2 Credits.

An investigation of an original nature carried out by the student under the guidance of a faculty member; a brief written report is submitted to and approved by the faculty of the department.

CHEM 475. Internship for Seniors. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experienced closely related to their area of chemistry or biochemistry. Frequent meetings with the advisor plus a paper are required. Prerequisites: Senior status. 3.0 GPA, and permission of the student's advisor or the Chair.

CHEM 495. Summer Research. 3 Credits.

CHEM 571. Physical Biochemistry. 3 Credits.

Quantitative characterization and analysis of macromolecules with applications of biochemistry and molecular biology. Emphasis on the principles and application of laboratory techniques including chromatography, electrophoresis, hydrodynamic methods and spectroscopy. Three lectures. Prerequisite: CHEM 434.

Biological & Chemical Sciences

BIOLOGY

B.S. Degree

Required Courses for the B.S. Degree

Cognate Requirements for the B.S. Degree

B.A. Degree

Required Courses for the B.A. Degree

Biology Electives for the B.A. with Their Co-Requisite Labs1 (choose a combination to total at least 14 credits)

Cognate Requirements for the B.A. Degree

Minor in Biology

Minor in Neuroscience

Grade Requirements

Registration for Advanced Courses

Courses for Non-Biology Majors

PLANS OF STUDY

Bachelor of Science in Biology

Bachelor of Arts in Biology

BIOCHEMISTRY & CHEMISTRY

B.S. Major in Chemistry

B.S. Major in Biochemistry

B.A. Major in Chemistry

B.A. Major in Biochemistry

Minor in Chemistry

Minor in Biochemistry

Concentration in Nanoscience

PLANS OF STUDY

Bachelor of Science in Chemistry

Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry

Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry

Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry

Environmental Science

Major in Environmental Science

*Major Elective Courses

Minor in Environmental Science

PLANS OF STUDY

Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science

Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Science

Biochemistry Courses

Biology Courses

Chemistry Courses

Biology Electives for the B.A. with Their Co-Requisite Labs¹ (choose a combination to total at least 14 credits)