ENGL 103. Writing Lab: Introduction to Composition for Science Students. 2 Credits.

This course introduces science students in the C-Step program to college-level expository writing. Focusing on writing and research about science, it pursues an inquiry-driven approach to teach analysis and argumentation. Students will develop a range of rhetorical skills as they learn the process of writing. Open only to C-STEP students. Permission of C-STEP Advisor.

ENGL 106. Introduction to Composition. 3 Credits.

English 106 prepares students for English 110 through introductory level assignments designed to acclimate students to narrative, argumentative, and expository writing. The course employs a variety of exercises to teach students about the stages of composition: invention, revision, and reflection. Course assignments provide students with the intellectual tools to write argumentative essays.

ENGL 110. First Year Composition. 3 Credits.

English 110 pursues an inquiry-driven approach to writing and research, teaching rhetorical analysis and argumentation. The course emphasizes writing as an intellectual, social process both in terms of content and structure. Sections are thematically organized and use writing to explore that particular theme and frame writing as a process that involves stages of invention, revision, and reflection; course activities and assignments provide students with the rhetorical tools to understand how language works in defining reality, explaining positions, and persuading others. The course aims to prepare students for the responsibilities of literate adult citizenship and the rhetorical challenges of their chosen fields and careers.

ENGL 150. Roots: Literature. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of selected literary texts and developments from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world.

ENGL 151. Roots: Literature-1st Year Seminar. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of selected literary texts and developments from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world. First Year Seminar.

ENGL 205. Reading & Writing the Theater. 3 Credits.

A study of the art and craft of playwriting focused on dramatic structure, genre, and audience. The course combines analysis of significant plays from various historical periods and workshopping of students' original dramatic work.

ENGL 209. Writing Consultant Training. 1 Credit.

This course is designed to train students to be competent tutors in the Manhattan College Writing Center. By permission of instructor. Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, or Engineering.

ENGL 210. Advanced First Year Composition. 3 Credits.

An advanced alternative to English 110, the course emphasizes writing as an intellectual, social process both in terms of content and structure. An exploration of strategies for expository and argumentative writing and research techniques, English 210 pursues an inquiry-driving approach to writing and research, teaching rhetorical analysis and argumentation. Emphasizing writing as a process that involves stages of invention, revision, and reflection, course activities and assignments provide students with the rhetorical tools to understand how language works in defining reality, explaining positions, and persuading others. This course will fulfill the ENGL 110 requirement for advanced freshman students placed by the Department Chair. Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, or Engineering.

ENGL 211. Business Communication. 3 Credits.

An intermediate course focusing on the specialized communications skills required by professionals. Emphasis on research techniques and on the rhetoric and diction necessary to persuade different audiences, as demanded by a variety of case studies. (For students in the School of Business only). Does not satisfy their English literature elective.

ENGL 212. Latino/Latina Literature. 3 Credits.

The course examines key themes and narrative impulses of Latino/a literature. Students will engage the work of authors from a range of time periods. They will also study a variety of genres, such as novels, short stories, drama, poetry, and/or non-fiction essays.

ENGL 240. Introduction to Creative Writing. 3 Credits.

A study of the craft of poetry, fiction, and creative non-fiction writing. Exercises in form and technique and the creation of original stories and poems. Introduction to the creative writing workshop.

ENGL 245. Introduction to Shakespeare. 3 Credits.

Survey of the major histories, comedies, and tragedies.

ENGL 248. British Literature and Culture. 3 Credits.

Readings selected from the prose, poetry, and drama of the British Isles from the Anglo-Saxon period to the present.

ENGL 253. American Literature and Culture. 3 Credits.

Readings selected from the prose, poetry, and drama of America from the Colonial period to the present.

ENGL 255. Introduction to Film Studies. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the formal/aesthetic analysis of film. Through screening and discussion of representative films, students develop their ability to describe, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the film experience. Not open to students who have taken COMM 212. Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, or Engineering.

ENGL 256. Types of Film Experience. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the cultural/ideological analysis of film. Through screening and discussion of representative films, students explore the ways in which cinema reflects and shapes contemporary society. Specific topics covered include, but are not limited to, race and ethnicity, gender and sexuality, and class and power as they relate to film experience. (Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, or Engineering.) Repeatable with permission of the Chair.

ENGL 260. Comedy and Tragedy. 3 Credits.

An attempt to define comedy and tragedy by examining texts in each genre.

ENGL 262. Gender and Literature. 3 Credits.

An introduction to interpreting literature through the lens of gender. A specific theme (for example, women's writing, masculinity, gay and lesbian literature, the gendered body) will be explored in selected literary texts.

ENGL 265. Global Literature in English. 3 Credits.

A comparative study of selected literary texts by African, Asian, Caribbean, Australian, and Latin and North American writers responding to the impact of Western colonization and imperialism.

ENGL 270. Crime and Detection. 3 Credits.

The origin, development, and achievement of the detective story and the crime novel. Most readings will be drawn from 19th and 20th century authors, but some attention will be given to possible precursors such as Sophocles and Shakespeare.

ENGL 274. Reading Poetry. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the experience of reading, interpreting, and evaluating poetry.

ENGL 275. The Short Story. 3 Credits.

The origin, development, and theories of the genre as exemplified in short stories chosen from the major writers in this form.

ENGL 276. Introduction to Drama. 3 Credits.

A survey of world drama through selected play texts and representative dramatic styles, ranging from classical to contemporary.

ENGL 279. Literature and the Environment. 3 Credits.

The study of the important role the environment plays in literary texts. Themes may include the relationship between the urban and the wild, the role of animals in human affairs, and the question of human stewardship of this planet.

ENGL 280. Irish Literary Revival. 3 Credits.

A study of the major Irish writers of the late 19th and 20th centuries whose works constitute the modern Irish literary renaissance.

ENGL 284. Myth and Fairy Tale. 3 Credits.

An introduction to selected traditional myths and western European fairy tales, focusing on the literary rather than on the oral folk tradition and analyzing the pervasive influence of myth and fairy tale on modern western literature.

ENGL 285. Literary New York. 3 Credits.

A study of selected literary works in which New York City figures prominently as a subject, a metaphor, or a muse. Satisfies 200-level literature elective in Business, Engineering, and Education.

ENGL 287. Fantasy and Science Fiction. 3 Credits.

An introduction to speculative literature: fantasy, gothic, and science fiction; their relation to each other; the relation of the fantastic to fiction.

ENGL 292. Topic in the Study of Literature and Film. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a genre, period, literary form, or theme not currently listed in the general literature courses (200-level). The subject to be studied will vary from semester to semester. This course may be repeated with permission of the Chair.

ENGL 293. Literature & Business. 3 Credits.

This course will focus on the representation of business in literature from the 19th century to the present. Depictions of industrial and technological production, economic systems, capitalism, globalization, and working life will be explored. Assignments will be designed to target critical thinking and writing skills valuable in a professional context.

ENGL 305. African American Literature. 3 Credits.

Examination of important texts by African-American authors, with special emphasis on recent writings.

ENGL 306. Introduction to Literary Study. 3 Credits.

Learning to think and write like an English major. Emphasis on close reading of texts, developing a heightened sense of language, making cogent literary arguments with well-integrated evidence, and developing familiarity with literary terms and different critical approaches. Should be taken during the first semester of major course-work. For English majors and minors only.

ENGL 309. British Literature: Beowulf to the Augustan Age. 3 Credits.

The development and continuity of British literature studied in significant writers, works, literary movements, social and historical backgrounds. For English majors and minors only.

ENGL 310. British Literature II: The Romantics through the 20th Century. 3 Credits.

Continuation of the study of key British writers, works, and literary movements and their social and historical backgrounds. For English majors and minors only.

ENGL 312. Studies in Medieval British Literature. 3 Credits.

An in-depth study of medieval writers, themes, genres, on literary movements through critical reading of prose, drama, and poetry of Great Britain. The subject to be studied will vary from semester to semester.

ENGL 323. Studies in Eighteenth-Century British Literature. 3 Credits.

An in-depth study of eighteenth-century writers, themes, genres, or literary movements through critical reading of prose, drama, and poetry from Great Britain. The subject to be studied will vary from semester to semester.

ENGL 326. Writing Studies. 3 Credits.

This course focuses on writing about or within a specific topic, genre, or theory to be announced in advance and will vary by semester. This course is writing intensive and offers students a practical, historical, and theoretical understanding of the art and craft of writing they may not otherwise have the opportunity to explore. Examples include, but are not limited to: Feminist and Critical Writing Pedagogies; Memoir Writing; and Multimodal Writing.

ENGL 329. Shakespeare: Comedies, Histories, and Hamlet. 3 Credits.

Beginning with Romeo and Juliet and culminating with Hamlet, this course explores the comedies, histories, and early tragedies that earned Shakespeare his reputation as England’s leading dramatist. Class sessions will focus on close readings of the plays, the conditions under which they were originally performed, and the society and culture from which they emerged.

ENGL 330. Shakespeare II. 3 Credits.

This course explores the works that secured Shakespeare’s status as the greatest writer in any language, including Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Class sessions will focus on close readings of the plays, the conditions under which they were originally performed, and the society and culture from which they emerged.

ENGL 331. History of the English Language. 3 Credits.

The development, structure, and function of the English language. (Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, and Engineering.).

ENGL 332. Theories of Composition. 3 Credits.

An overview of contemporary composition studies, examining various movements in the field and the ways in which these movements define the act of writing. The course will focus on both theoretical principles of composition and practical concerns of writing pedagogy. Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, and Engineering.

ENGL 333. Sin and Syntax: Grammar, Identity, and the Writer. 3 Credits.

This course provides an in-depth analysis of how grammar works by contextualizing grammar usage in a variety of contexts. We examine not only standard usage, but also language use in daily life, including the impact of emerging technologies on usage. Students will be encouraged to write academically as well as personally in order to cultivate a space where we can see grammar at work and how it helps us achieve the goals of our work—whether those goals be creative, academic, or otherwise.

ENGL 334. Romantic Matter(s): Subjects & Objects. 3 Credits.

Rather than focusing on the self and its transcendent imagination traditionally central to Romantic studies, this class explores objects, bodies, and things and their emotional, material affects in the production of the subject and the pursuit of love and desire. It considers how the subject (the lyric I and its self-affirming eye/gaze) that takes central stage in the Romantic period cannot be separated from the objects it claims to perceive. The course examines the complexity of agency through a study of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century literary, political, philosophical, and scientific writers imaginings of the entangled relations of subject and object, mind and body, reason and emotion, human and nonhuman.

ENGL 335. Victorian Media. 3 Credits.

This course studies one of the world’s great media revolutions. We investigate the full range of media technologies invented by British writers, artists and scientists during the reign of Queen Victorian (1837-1901): from the photograph, the telegraph, and the moving image to new forms of fiction, journalism, and advertising. We study art and literature that recount the experience of new media. Through readings in literary and media theory, we furthermore explore the social and political ramifications of those innovations.

ENGL 336. History of the Essay. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of the history and development of the essay genre. With an emphasis on historicizing the definition and function of the essay, this course investigates how issues regarding authorship and authority have evolved and contributed to how we understand the form today, including, but not limited to, its rhetorical and academic functions.

ENGL 337. Gender, Sexuality, and Literature. 3 Credits.

A study of the intersections of gender studies and literary analysis. Focusing on a specific theme (e.g. women's writing, the nature of gender, masculinity and race, queer identity), this course will study how literature shapes and is shaped by issues of gender and sexuality as they intersect with other markers of difference and power, including race, class, nation, ability, and species.

ENGL 338. Studies in Twentieth-and Twenty-first-Century American Literature. 3 Credits.

An in-depth study of twentieth and twenty-first century American writers, themes, genres, and literary movements through critical reading of prose, drama, and/or poetry.

ENGL 339. Poetics of Witness. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of poetics of witness in the creation and consumption of literature. The course will use various historical periods, geographic locations, and cultural and social movements to interrogate a poetry of witness.

ENGL 340. Studies in Creative Writing - Poetry Workshop. 3 Credits.

Advanced creative writing workshop in poetry with generative exercises, and with a focus on aspects of poetic craft such as images, figurative language, forms, rhythm, and poetic leaps. Students will develop voice, style, and technique. Each technique element will also be accompanied by an extensive study of contemporary poetic texts and poetic craft theory. Writing will culminate in small and large-scale workshops where students will read each other’s work and learn to offer constructive feedback on revision.

ENGL 343. The Art of Dying: Studies in Renaissance Literature. 3 Credits.

Working at the intersection of literary and historical analysis, this course investigates how early modern writers responded to a culture-wide preoccupation with death and its relationship to commemoration. Authors include John Donne, Christopher Marlowe, and William Shakespeare.

ENGL 345. Environmental Literature and Ecocriticism. 3 Credits.

An exploration of environmental literature, a genre whose primary focus is the natural world and the human relationship to it. Primary literary texts will be viewed through the lens of ecocriticism, an emergent critical theory that examines the representation of the natural world in literature and culture with a commitment toward environmentalism.

ENGL 346. Twentieth Century Irish Literature. 3 Credits.

An examination, through readings in various genres, of the expressive and varied literature of Ireland in the 20th century as well as the development of cultural narratives of Ireland.

ENGL 347. Literature and War. 3 Credits.

A study of the representation in fiction, poetry, drama, and film of such catastrophic human conflicts as the World Wars and the Vietnam War.

ENGL 348. Postcolonial Literature. 3 Credits.

A sampling of world fiction (in English) written since the era of decolonization. Authors employ widely divergent techniques to address the issues of colonialism, history, politics, social change, and art. Emphasis on the novel as an arena for heterogeneity of sensibilities and the clash of ideologies.

ENGL 349. Adaptation Studies. 3 Credits.

This course will study adaptation theory by examining multiple case studies, prioritizing the relationship between film and the literary arts. By reading literature, watching adaptations, and considering other modes of delivery (e.g., video games), the course will consider such issues as mise-en-scène and acting styles; shared plotting strategies; forced perspective; and narrative voice. Counts toward the English major/minor and the Film Studies minor.

ENGL 350. Studies in Creative Writing: Fiction Workshop. 3 Credits.

This course is designed for students to examine the short story form and to provide space to practice their own short story writing. By closely examining the ways in which some of the most influential short story writers have engaged with voice, style, characterization, plot, aesthetics, and experimentation, this course will help students develop a finer understanding of the elements of fiction.

ENGL 355. Studies in Creative Writing: Non-Fiction Workshop. 3 Credits.

Advanced creative writing workshop in non-fiction with generative exercises, and with a focus on developing the craft of lyrical essay techniques. Students will also develop voice and style. Each technique element will be accompanied by an extensive study of contemporary non-fiction texts. Writing will culminate in small and large-scale workshops where students will read each other’s work and learn to offer constructive feedback on revision.

ENGL 356. Latino New York: Cultural Identities and Expressions. 3 Credits.

This course examines the literature and culture of Latinos in New York City. It explores how authors of Latin American and Spanish Caribbean descent have contributed and responded to New York City as a multilingual and multicultural modern metropolis and considers recurrent topics such race/ethnicity, class, bilingualism, and immigration.

ENGL 357. Postcolonial Caribbean Literatures: Defining a Region. 3 Credits.

This course provides an overview of postcolonial fiction, poetry, drama, and essays from the Caribbean region. It explores major themes and theoretical concepts on issues such as identity, migration, race, gender, nationhood, and representation, as well as the specific cultural and historical contexts from which postcolonial Caribbean literatures emerge.

ENGL 358. Bibliomania, Archives, and the Afterlives of Books. 3 Credits.

This course studies the material lives and afterlives of books. Working in digital archives and physical archives around New York City, students have hands-on experience of rare books and literary artifacts. Through experiential learning, students investigate printing practices, publication histories and preservation techniques. We learn to tell stories in and with archives, contemplating the manifold pasts and futures of books.

ENGL 359. Technotopias & Cyborg Dreams. 3 Credits.

This course studies works of fantasy and science fiction that explore the radical potential of technology. Considering the new worlds--the technotopias--envisioned by them, we explore a range of topics: the relationship between imagination and reality; the consequences of progress; the fear of/desire for newness and “the other”; and perhaps most exciting and unsettling of all, what it means to be human.

ENGL 360. The Little Magazine: Contemporary Literary Publishing. 3 Credits.

This course is an introduction to literary magazines and to the work of editing, examining the history of “little” magazines from the mid-nineteenth-century to the present day and investigating their impact on literary culture. We will take stock of the current magazine landscape, print and digital, with a special focus on Manhattan Magazine, for which students will also engage in active editing work.

ENGL 361. Radical Stages: Modern and Contemporary British Drama. 3 Credits.

Survey of celebrated and innovative British plays from the nineteenth century through the present. Close reading of text will supplement discussions of genre and production, alongside considerations of British history and politics.

ENGL 364. The Modern & Contemporary British Novel. 3 Credits.

A study of major innovations in the British novel from the early 20th century to the present. The course will explore the formal and stylistic upheavals of modernism, in relation to radically new ideas concerning gender, psychology, and social structures, as well as the legacy of these experiments through the contemporary period.

ENGL 365. Children's Literature. 3 Credits.

A study of widely read, influential and sometimes controversial books for children, surveying major achievements and genres in children's literature, examining various approaches to the field, and commenting on social and pedagogical issues that surround it. Limited to students in the School of Education.

ENGL 366. Modernism: Eliot, Woolf, Lawrence, and Company. 3 Credits.

An exploration of literary modernism in English as a phenomenon that swept European cities in the early twentieth century, which will consider experiments with literary form that meditate on the relationship of the individual consciousness to the material reality surrounding it. We will explore the modernist scene through intellectual contexts, periodical culture, and the relationship of literature to art.

ENGL 367. Contemporary Literary Theory. 3 Credits.

This class focuses on current methodologies of interpretation—theories of reading, language, literature, and analysis—in the discipline of English. It explores a variety of answers to the questions of how, why, and what we read. A brief history of criticism since Plato will ground the work of the course: understanding and applying contemporary literary and cultural theories, including formalism, reader response, structuralism, post-structuralism, feminist analysis, psychoanalytic approaches, new historicism, postcolonialism, queer theory, critical race studies, cultural studies, eco-critical approaches, new materialism, affect theory, and thing theory approaches. This class is necessary for any graduate work in literature and writing. Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, and Engineering.

ENGL 369. Chaucer. 3 Credits.

A study of the Canterbury Tales, Troilus and Criseyde, and the minor poems. Spring.

ENGL 370. Milton. 3 Credits.

A study of Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes, and selected shorter works.

ENGL 372. American Literature to 1914. 3 Credits.

A study of major figures and significant trends in American Literature from the colonial era to 1914. For English majors and minors only.

ENGL 373. American Fiction since 1914. 3 Credits.

A study of significant trends in the novel and other forms of prose narrative written by United States-based writers in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Some emphasis will be placed on the relationship between fiction and historical events, such as world war, civil and human rights movements, and globalization.

ENGL 374. Lust, Passion, and the Body: The American Novel to 1914. 3 Credits.

This course focuses on how issues of lust, passion, and the body figure in the American novel from the late eighteenth century to 1914. Students also will examine the rise of the novel as a genre (a relatively new art form at the time) and the crisis it evoked regarding reading, readership, and morality.

ENGL 375. Landscape & Identity: Studies in Early & Nineteenth Century American Literature. 3 Credits.

This course explores the converging representations of race, ethnicity, and the environment in American literature and culture from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth, with a theoretical grounding in critical race theory and ecocriticism. Texts will include both novels and non-fiction accounts, along with art, music, and period films.

ENGL 376. American Poetry. 3 Credits.

A survey of the American poetic tradition, from its beginnings to the present, with a focus on major authors, themes, and/or movements.

ENGL 377. American Fiction Since 1914. 3 Credits.

A study of American fiction in the modern and contemporary eras, focusing on key developments in the genre.

ENGL 378. Modern American Literature. 3 Credits.

A study of major writers and significant trends in American literature from 1914 to 1945: fiction, drama, poetry.

ENGL 379. Contemporary American Literature. 3 Credits.

A study of major writers and significant trends in American literature since 1945: fiction, drama, poetry.

ENGL 380. Growing Up Ethnic: The Ethnic-American Bildungsroman. 3 Credits.

This course examines the Ethnic American Bildungsroman, broadly construed, in order to understand how America’s ethnic and racial diversity is expressed in literature and helps create a more inclusive national imaginary. We will study “coming-of-age” narratives by Native American, African American, Jewish American, Italian American, Asian American and/or Latinx writers, among others, and explore how their accounts of “growing up ethnic” broaden and challenge the boundaries of what constitutes representative U.S. literary voices.

ENGL 381. Studies in Identity: 20th Century American Drama. 3 Credits.

A study of major and transformative American dramas of the 20th and 21st century, from Arthur Miller and Eugene O’Neill to Sarah Ruhl and Paula Vogel. Course will consider what it is that defines these plays as “American,” and how do these plays challenge previously held assumptions about identity, race, gender, and sexuality in America. Texts will be studied as literature and well as blueprints for theatrical events. That is, we will consider not just the text on the page but its performative aspects and its production history, wherever possible.

ENGL 382. New York City, Modernity, and Postmodernity. 3 Credits.

This course explores representations of New York in 20th and 21st century literature and culture. It covers various literary genres and other cultural forms. The primary focus is on New York’s iconic presence in American literature and culture, emphasizing its status as an emblem of “modernity” and “postmodernity.”.

ENGL 384. Violence & Performativity. 3 Credits.

This course seeks to explore how select playwrights, across centuries and a variety of genres, have engaged violence as a means to represent and explore the human condition. This class will be guided by questions of what a damaged body onstage mean to an audience, how playwrights differ in their use of stage violence, and what the limits are, for scholars of theatre and performance, of understanding theatre as an efficacious form of public art and expression.

ENGL 385. Film Narrative. 3 Credits.

An intensive examination of the components and history of film narrative. Students view films and read critical essays and foundational theoretical works in order to gain an understanding of the unique mechanisms of film narrative (cinematography, sound, editing, etc.).

ENGL 386. Literature and Early Cinema at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. 3 Credits.

An examination of U.S. literature and select silent films from the turn into the twentieth century, which will study—and problematize—important categories of writing in this era such as realism, naturalism, local color, and novels of manners. Studying select silent films, students will show how authors in the era relied heavily on visual images and often borrowed strategies from early silent cinema.

ENGL 387. Queering the Text. 3 Credits.

This class will focus on the reading and interpretation of queer literary texts in the context of LGBTQ history, lives, and issues. We will situate our reading of these queer texts in their legal, medical, social, and historical contexts and look backward to precursors.

ENGL 388. Feminism & Film. 3 Credits.

An in-depth examination of feminist film theory and praxis. Students will study foundational readings as well as representative films.

ENGL 389. Gothic Fictions. 3 Credits.

With its pseudo-medieval tropes of ruined castles, dark dungeons, sadistic villains, and threatened heroines set in non-English settings, the gothic was the antithesis of Enlightenment rationalism and the locus of English cultural fears and desires. Focusing primarily on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British texts from the 1790s gothic heyday, this course will explore the historic development of gothic literature through different genres (the novel, poetry, drama, film) and forms (horror gothic, terror gothic, female gothic, queer gothic, orientalist gothic) into the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including American gothic, postcolonial gothic, and horror.

ENGL 392. Topics in Literature. 3 Credits.

A major-level study of a genre, period, literary form, author, or theme not currently listed in the general literature courses. The subject to be studied will vary for each offering.

ENGL 395. Senior Seminar. 3 Credits.

A capstone course that examines 1. a literary period, genre, theme, or author(s); or 2. an issue, theme, theory or practice of composition or rhetoric through readings, class discussion, and student papers; student papers will emphasize research methodologies and will be presented and critiqued in class. The subject of the course will vary each semester. Required for senior English majors in the School of Arts and for those concentrating in adolescent or childhood English in the School of Education and Health.

ENGL 399. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

Individual study of a major writer or movement in English or American literature with a member of the department. Open only to seniors majoring in English who secure the approval of the Chair of the Department and the consent of the individual instructor. A student may elect this course once only.

ENGL 400. The Theater and the City. 3 Credits.

Taking full advantage of the spectrum of Broadway and Off-Broadway performance, this course invites students to experience theater as a multi-dimensional and collaborative art. Class discussions, on-site performances, and behind-the-scene accounts of selected theatrical events will enlighten the students' knowledge and appreciation of drama. (Special fee; permission of the chair.).

ENGL 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts.

FREN 101. French for Beginners I. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken French. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of French-speaking peoples. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in French or with only one year of high school French. Placement by Department.

FREN 102. French for Beginners II. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken French. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of French-speaking peoples. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in French or with only one year of high school French. Prerequisite: FREN 101 or Placement by Department.

FREN 201. French for Communication I. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of French and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: FREN 102 or Placement by Department.

FREN 202. French for Communication II. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of French and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: FREN 102 or Placement by Department.

ITAL 101. Italian for Beginners I. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken Italian. The course also provides an introduction to Italian civilization and culture. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in Italian or with only one year of high school Italian. Placement by Department.

ITAL 102. Italian for Beginners II. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken Italian. The course also provides an introduction to Italian civilization and culture. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in Italian or with only one year of high school Italian. Prerequisite: ITAL101 or Placement by Department.

ITAL 201. Italian for Communication. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of Italian and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: ITAL 101 and ITAL 102 or two years of high school Italian. Placement by Department.

ITAL 202. Italian for Communication II. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of Italian and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: ITAL 101 and ITAL 102 or two years of high school Italian.

JAPN 101. Japanese for Beginners I. 3 Credits.

A course designed to introduce students to the sounds and script of Japanese, common phrases, and rudimentary grammar. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Japan. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice in 101, and five instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice in 102. For students with little or no background in Japanese. Placement by Department.

JAPN 102. Introduction to Japanese II. 3 Credits.

A course designed to introduce students to the sounds and script of Japanese, common phrases, and rudimentary grammar. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Japan. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice in 101, and five instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice in 102. For students with little or no background in Japanese. Prerequisite: JAPN 101 or Placement by Department.

MFL 100. See Language Chair. 3 Credits.

MLL 095. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

MLL 096. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

MLL 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Available in all languages taught by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures. Students participate in a training experience related to their chosen language. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. General elective credit only.

PSSP 101. Spanish I. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken Spanish. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Spanish-speaking peoples. For students with little or no background in Spanish or with only one year of high school Spanish.

SPAN 101. Spanish for Beginners I. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken Spanish. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Spanish-speaking peoples. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in Spanish or with only one year of high school Spanish. Placement Exam required.

SPAN 102. Spanish for Beginners II. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken Spanish. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Spanish-speaking peoples. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in Spanish or with only one year of high school Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 101 or Placement Exam required. Not intended for Spanish language heritage students.

SPAN 105. Spanish Language Lab. 0 Credits.

SPAN 201. Spanish for Communication I. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of Spanish and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: SPAN 101 and SPAN 102 or a minimum of two years of high school Spanish. Placement Exam required. Not intended for Spanish language heritage students.

SPAN 202. Spanish for Communication II. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of Spanish and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: SPAN 101 and SPAN 102  or SPAN 201 or Placement exam required. Not intended for Spanish language heritage students.

SPAN 203. Writing Spanish. 3 Credits.

Intensive practice of writing skills through the use of aural and written materials. Review of grammar. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Offered every year. Prerequisite: Placement Exam required.

SPAN 204. Speaking Spanish. 3 Credits.

Intensive practice in oral skills through extensive use of aural and written materials. Review of grammar. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Offered every semester. Prerequisite: SPAN 203 or Placement Exam required. Not intended for Spanish native or heritage speakers.

SPAN 207. Intermediate Grammar (Madrid). 3 Credits.

An introduction to the basic grammatical and syntactical structures of Spanish. Offered only in the Manhattan College Madrid Program. Prerequisite: Placement Exam required.

SPAN 216. Aspects in Hispanic Culture: Business in Latin America. 3 Credits.

An on-site study of various aspects of the political, socio-economic and cultural life of a Hispanic country or region. Placement Exam required.

SPAN 219. Keeping Spanish Alive. 1 Credit.

A course designed to improve the student's command of Spanish through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student or related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times. Placement Exam required.

SPAN 221. Elementary Spanish for Heritage Students. 3 Credits.

An intensive beginning course with emphasis on basic elements of grammar, vocabulary, reading, and conversation for students who learned Spanish in the home environment and understand basic conversation but need to improve their oral and written communication skills. The course also provides an introduction to the culture and civilization of Spanish-speaking peoples. Prerequisite: Placement Exam required.

SPAN 222. Intermediate Spanish for Heritage Students I. 3 Credits.

A course designed for students who have learned Spanish in the home environment but need formal training to improve their communication skills. The course also provides an introduction to the culture and civilization of Spanish-speaking peoples. For Latinos/as and native speakers only. Prerequisite: Placement Exam required.

SPAN 223. Intermediate Spanish for Heritage Students II. 3 Credits.

A course designed for students who have learned Spanish in the home environment but need formal training to improve their communication skills. The course also provides an introduction to the culture and civilization of Spanish-speaking peoples. For Latinos/as and native speakers only. Prerequisite: Placement Exam required.

SPAN 300. Hispanic Musical Heritage. 3 Credits.

Song lyrics of the rich and diverse musical traditions of Spanish-speaking peoples will serve as a basis for studying the Spanish language as well as aspects of Hispanic culture.

SPAN 303. Spanish Culture Through Film. 3 Credits.

Spanish conversation and composition as well as Hispanic civilization are studied through the viewing of films from Spain and Spanish America. Three instructional hours.

SPAN 307. Advanced Grammar. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of the grammatical structures of Spanish aimed at perfecting the student's oral and written command of the language.

SPAN 308. Spanish Translation. 3 Credits.

This course aims to introduce students to the practice of translation from Spanish to English and vice versa. The course will focus on contrasting English and Spanish grammatical, syntactical, and stylistic problems as well as vocabulary, thus affording students a deeper understanding of the Spanish language.

SPAN 309. Advanced Conversation. 3 Credits.

Techniques of conversation and intensive oral practice of Spanish.

SPAN 310. Advanced Composition. 3 Credits.

Practice of the conventions of written Spanish through the study of journalistic articles, essays, and literary works.

SPAN 316. Aspects of Hispanic Culture. 3 Credits.

A study of various aspects of the political, socio-economic and cultural life of a Hispanic country or region.

SPAN 317. Topics in Hispanic Literature. 3 Credits.

Study of literary genres and principles of literary analysis through readings of representative Spanish and Spanish-American authors. This course provides the necessary training to do advanced work in literature. Required for all Spanish majors in Arts and Science and Dept. of Education.

SPAN 318. Spanish for Health Personnel. 3 Credits.

A course designed to develop conversational skills using vocabulary and structures relevant to communication between health personnel and their clients.

SPAN 319. Spanish for Business. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the modern terminology used in the business world. The course includes a review of major grammatical structures as well as a discussion of cultural factors that may affect commercial transactions.

SPAN 320. Special Topics: in Hispanic Culture Studies. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a particular region of the Spanish-speaking world or of a cultural topic common to all Hispanic countries. Topics change yearly.

SPAN 321. Spanish Across the Curriculum. 1 Credit.

An advanced course designed to further develop the student's command of Spanish through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times.

SPAN 340. Spanish Civilization. 3 Credits.

The major issues that have affected Spain are explored through film, art, and the reading of historical and literary texts. The course has a strong emphasis on discussion. Required for Spanish majors in the Dept. of Education.

SPAN 341. Spanish American Civilization. 3 Credits.

The major issues that have affected Spanish America are explored through film, art, and the reading of historical and literary texts. The course has a strong emphasis on discussion. Required for Spanish majors in the Dept. of Education.

SPAN 342. Caribbean Culture. 3 Credits.

The Spanish Caribbean's history and culture from 1492 to the present will be explored through art, film, music, and the reading and analysis of literary as well as journalistic and historical texts. Strong emphasis on reading, writing and discussion.

SPAN 350. Masterworks in Spanish I. 3 Credits.

A survey of the great writers and literary movements of the Spanish-speaking world together with an introduction to the analysis of literary texts. Required for all Spanish majors in Arts and Science and Dept. of Education and highly recommended for minors.

SPAN 351. Masterworks in Spanish. 3 Credits.

A survey of the great writers and literary movements of the Spanish-speaking world together with an introduction to the analysis of literary texts. Required for all Spanish majors in Arts and Sciences and Dept. of Education and highly recommended for minors.

SPAN 420. Spanish Seminar. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a single author, genre, movement, or literary topic. Topics change yearly.

SPAN 423. Great Hispanic Poets. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the analysis of poetry through the study of the great poets of the Spanish language such as Garcilaso, St. John of the Cross, Gongora, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Becquer, Marti, Dario, Jimenez, Machado, Mistral, Lorca, Vallejo, and Neruda.

SPAN 424. The Modern Novel in Spain and Spanish America. 3 Credits.

A survey of the development of modern fiction from the great nineteenth-century Spanish Realists (Galdós and Clarín) to the Latin American “Boom” (Asturias, García Márquez, Carpentier, Fuentes, Vargas Llosa, et al.).

SPAN 427. Cervantes. 3 Credits.

An in-depth analysis and discussion of Don Quijote and other works by Cervantes.

SPAN 429. The Spanish Golden Age. 3 Credits.

A survey of the history, art, and literature of Spain during the 16th and 17th centuries.

SPAN 435. Spanish-American Short Fiction. 3 Credits.

A study of the development of the short narrative forms in Spanish America in relationship to the social, political, and historical reality. Readings from the works of Quiroga, Borges, Garcia Marquez, Cortazar, Fuentes, Vargas Llosa, Rulfo and Donoso.

SPAN 440. Women in Hispanic Literature. 3 Credits.

Modalities of portrayal of female protagonists by male and female writers from the 19th century to the present with emphasis on the reinterpretation of the role of women within the new social-political reality of the Hispanic world.

SPAN 460. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

In consultation with instructor and approval of Chair.