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Liberal Arts - General Information

Cory Blad, Ph.D., Dean
Dianna Cruz, Assistant Dean
 

Historical Note

Since its founding, Manhattan College has sought to broaden the intellectual horizons of its students while preparing them for the various professions. The School of Liberal Arts supports Manhattan College's tradition of liberal inquiry, reflection on faith in relation to reason, emphasis on ethical conduct and commitment to social justice by offering diverse foundation courses for all students, no matter their school or major. In addition, the School of Liberal Arts furthers Manhattan's emphasis on high academic standards by offering challenging majors in the humanities and social sciences and innovative interdisciplinary majors. These include courses taught by outstanding teacher-scholars committed to the advancement of knowledge in their classrooms and in their disciplines. Courses and majors emphasize the skills of analysis and criticism that are central to an understanding of the contemporary world, providing students with the informational and ethical base for that understanding and the written and oral skills necessary for its critique and communication. The faculty of Liberal Arts seeks to provide the broad, flexible, and thoughtful education essential for students to develop professionally, live successful and rewarding lives, and contribute effectively to a rapidly changing society.

The Curriculum

The faculty of the School of Liberal Arts offers a program of education that provides students with the opportunity for a life of continuing growth and development in the twenty-first century. The core of the program is entitled The Roots of Learning. Its development was supported by a generous grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Foundation courses include composition, modern language, religious studies, science, and mathematics. Students then proceed to studies of the modern age through courses in the humanities and social sciences. The program is structured to provide a common learning experience for all students in Liberal Arts.

The Core: The Roots of Learning

The Roots of Learning represents a commitment to an educational program that judiciously combines content and process. The program seeks to:

  • Equip students with the intellectual skills essential to a productive professional life of learning and leadership

  • Immerse students in the traditions of humanism, the sciences, and the social sciences

  • Provide the global perspective essential to living and growing in our ever smaller, but increasingly complex, world

  • Develop critical reasoning and analytical skills through an intensive study of fundamental texts

School of Liberal Arts Core Curriculum Requirements

All first-year students in the School of Liberal Arts take one First Year Seminar in Fall and one in Spring semester. One seminar should be in the humanities and one in the social sciences. These seminars, which are designated by the number 151, are small discussion-based and writing-intensive courses that meet the School of Liberal Arts Core Curriculum Requirements.

Students in the Division of Education should review curriculum requirements on the Division of Education page.

General Requirements

College Writing (a first-year requirement)3
Religious Studies9
The Nature and Experience of Religion
Nature & Experience of Religion-FYS
A course in Catholic Studies
A course in Global Studies or Contemporary Issues
Modern Language (a full year requirement of the same language; placement by Modern Languages Department)6
Mathematics (course requirement dependent upon program specifications)3
Topics in Modern Mathematics
Elementary Statistics
Science (Select three of the following courses): *9
Great Ideas in Physics
Chemistry in the Modern World
Introduction Astronomy
Introduction Geology
Topics in Science I
Topics in Science II
Introduction Meteorology
Principles of Biology I
Global/Non-Western
Two courses from the total required for graduation must focus on global and/or non-western topics
Computer Proficiency
Computer proficiency in the area of major concentration demonstrated by passing a test on entrance or taking a computer course
Total Credits30
*

Part of the science requirement may also be satisfied by a full year of chemistry, biology, or physics.

Roots of Learning Core Requirements

LLRN 102Classical Origins: West Culture3
or LLRN 151 Classical Origins of Western Culture-FYS
The Roots of the Social Sciences (students choose three courses from the following four disciplines):9
Roots: Economics *
Roots: Psychology
Roots: Psychology - FYS
Roots: Government
Roots: Sociology
Roots: Sociology - FYS
The Roots of the Modern Age (students take English, History, Philosophy, and either Art or Music):12
Roots: Literature
Roots: Literature-1st Year Seminar
Roots: History
Roots: History - FYS
Roots: Philosophy
Roots of Modern Age: Philosophy - FYS
Roots: Art
Roots:Art -FYS
Roots: Music
Roots:Music-1st Year Seminar
Total Credits24
*

Courses open only to students in the School of Liberal Arts and the School of Science.

 

The Major

A major is an extensive and detailed study of a particular discipline or a coherent combination of disciplines. Each student in Liberal Arts selects a major field of study. It is chosen on the basis of the individual’s interests, educational and career goals, and abilities. Double majors are possible with careful planning, but students are encouraged to take as many elective courses as possible. A maximum of six (6) credits may be shared between majors in support of respective double majors.

In Liberal Arts, the areas of specialization from which a student selects a major include the following fields:

  • Art history
  • Communication
  • Criminology
  • Economics
  • English
  • French
  • Game Design and Production
  • History
  • Philosophy
  • Political Science
  • Psychology
  • Religious Studies
  • Sociology
  • Sound Studies
  • Spanish

The Division of Education in the School of Liberal Arts also offers undergraduate degrees in:

  • Adolescent Education
  • Childhood and Special Education (Dual Major)
  • Childhood Education

Graduate programs in:

  • Advanced Leadership Studies (Advanced Certificate)
  • Advanced Leadership Studies, M.S. Ed.
  • School Building Leadership (Advanced Certificate)
  • School Building Leadership, M.S. Ed.

In addition, five interdisciplinary majors are available to students in Liberal Arts:

  • Environmental Studies
  • International Studies
  • Labor Studies
  • Peace and Justice Studies
  • Urban Studies

These programs are designed to enhance a student's knowledge of a particular area of study not easily confined to a traditional academic department and to help the student develop an ability to address multiple perspectives.

Requirements for the major fields are listed under the department or program.

Students may not take more than 42 credits in their major without the permission of the Department Chair and the Dean. There is a residency requirement in the major for all transfer students: no more than 12 credits (9 credits in Communication) may transfer toward the major. Students are encouraged to develop a minor or a cluster.

Minor Fields of Study

Minors may be earned in all departments and major programs offered by the School of Liberal Arts, in specific languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Italian, and Japanese, as well as specific disciplines such as Music and Theater.  Interdisciplinary minors are available in areas including Catholic Studies, Critical Race & Ethnicity Studies, Digital Arts & Humanities, Game Design & Production, Ethics, Film Studies, Medieval Studies, and Women and Gender Studies. Minimum grade requirements for the minor are the same as those for the major. A minor consists of 15 credits. A maximum of three (3) credits may be shared between a single major and a single minor in support of a respective major. 

Students in Liberal Arts may pursue minors in other schools at Manhattan: in Computer Information Systems, Finance, General Business, Management, and Marketing in the School of Business; a general Education minor without state certification in the School of Education & Health; or a minor in Science or in a specific Science or in Mathematics or Computer Science. Students must earn a grade of C or better in all courses taken for the minor in these schools. Students generally take no more than fifteen credits in Business or Education.

Electives

Most programs in Liberal Arts include the opportunity for a student to select particular electives to meet individual needs. Often elective courses are selected on the basis of their relationship to the student’s major field of study; they also enable students to develop a minor field of study, to structure a second major, or to explore new areas of knowledge. Electives should not be selected without serious consideration. Students are advised to consult regularly with their advisors concerning their electives.

Students generally take no more than fifteen credits in Business, Education, Science, or Engineering. Any courses taken in these programs must be approved by the appropriate chair. Students interested in exercising any of these options must consult with the Academic Advisor in the School of Liberal Arts.

Please note: Credits earned in Aerospace Studies may not be used for any degree program in Liberal Arts. Students may not take more than three credits total in health and physical education courses.

Student Course Load

Students may not take more than eighteen credits in the Fall or the Spring semester without the written approval of the Dean of Liberal Arts. Students may not take more than three credits in the January or May intersession or the summer session without the written approval of the Dean of Liberal Arts.

Bachelor of Science in General Studies

The curriculum for the degree program in General Studies is an alternative to the usual undergraduate curriculum. It features a modified core curriculum, a primary area of emphasis rather than a major, and two secondary concentrations (or one secondary concentration and one traditional minor). Consequently, there is less specialization, but an opportunity for broader and more structured general education. Each program provides core requirements in English, fine arts, history, mathematics and science, philosophy, psychology, religious studies, and sociology as a foundation for self-enrichment, appreciation, and understanding. The general education core requires forty-eight credits, including nine credits in religious studies.

48 Credits (16 Classes) General Education Core
RELS 110The Nature and Experience of Religion3
RELS 200 Level Course3
RELS 300 Level Course3
ENGL 110First Year Composition3
or ENGL 210 Advanced First Year Composition
Choose one of the following:
ENGL Literature
MLL 300 level Course
LLRN 151Classical Origins of Western Culture-FYS3
History Elective3
Philosophy Elective3
Art Elective (ART, MUSC, THEA)3
One course from four of the following subjects:
COMM Elective3
ECON Elective3
POSC Elective3
PSYC Elective3
SOC Elective
MATH Elective3
Additional nine credits of School of Science Classes (no more than three credits)
CMPT Course
MATH Course
* Distribution of six credits must be Global/Non-Western Courses6
**Distribution of 3 credits must be from Digital Arts and Humanities courses3
30 Credits (10 Classes) Primary Concentration
Primary Concentration (see Dept. of Emphasis below)24
400 level Capstone experience (research, senior/majors' seminar, internship, etc) 13
Methods course (from options given by Chair of relevant Dept.)3
Primary Concentration Dept. of Emphasis:
(1) At least 18 credits must be in a single School of Liberal Arts dept. or interdisciplinary program, which is selected as by the student as their respective Dept. of Emphasis.
(2) At least four courses must be at 300-level or above
(3) Faculty Advisor will come from the Dept. of Emphasis and coordinate advising with the SoLA Asst. Dean 2
Two Secondary Concentrations (5 Classes each)30
One Secondary Concentration and a traditional Minor
Electives12
Total Credits120

No language courses at the 100-level count in the greater concentration and no more than two 200-level courses or six credits of AP may count toward the greater concentration. Students must achieve a grade of C or better in all courses in the primary concentration.

No language courses at the 100-level count in the lesser concentration and no more than two 200-level courses or six credits of AP may count toward the secondary concentrations. Students must achieve a grade of C or better in all courses in the secondary concentrations.

No more than 18 credits in any combination may be taken in courses offered by the Schools of Business, Education, or Engineering, including courses taken in a concentration. No more than 3 credits may be taken in Physical Education and/or Health Education combined. Credits earned in Aerospace Studies do not count toward graduation in this program.

 

[1] All capstone experiences must complete an analytical essay that reflects skills gained in the primary concentration. More specific information can be found in the General Studies Advising Guidelines.

[2] Specific information on assessment, advising, and mentor assignment can be found in the General Studies Advising Guidelines.

Academic Advising

 All first- and second-year students who have not yet declared a major are advised by the Academic Advisors in the School of Liberal Arts. Division of Education students will also be assigned a faculty advisor upon enrollment in the Division. Students who have chosen their major are advised by the Chair of their department or their assigned delegate. Transfer students plan their first semester with the Academic Advisor.

Study Abroad Opportunities

The School of Liberal Arts encourages students to broaden their educational horizons by participating in foreign study programs. In order to participate in such a program, a student must have a minimum cumulative grade point index of 2.75. Foreign study opportunities are available in many countries.

Further information about the wide range of study abroad opportunities at the College is available through the Office of Study Abroad. 

Credit for Off-Campus Courses

Once matriculated into a degree-granting program (major) at Manhattan College (College), a student may not take off-campus courses offered by another accredited institution for transfer to the College without prior written approval from the student’s academic advisor and the student’s dean. A maximum of 12 credits may be taken in off-campus courses after matriculation.  Each school may set limitations on what types of courses may or may not be approved for its students that are consistent with the College’s overall requirements. 

Credit for courses taken at other institutions by matriculated students of Manhattan College will be recognized under the following conditions:

  1. Required courses in a major or in a minor may not be taken off-campus except in extenuating circumstances and with compelling reasons, and with the approval of the chair of the major or minor program.
  2. Only courses from accredited two- and four-year colleges and from accredited universities will be considered.
  3. Written approval to take courses with departmental or school course numbers is obtained in advance.  First, the chair of the department offering the course at Manhattan must approve the off-campus course based on the equivalency or substitutability of the course.  Second, the Dean of the student’s school must approve the off-campus course based on the chair’s assessment and other circumstances. On-line courses are acceptable if approved.  Approval to take courses without departmental or school course numbers may be approved by the dean.
  4. The required form and transcript are filed with the Registrar and the required fee is paid to the Bursar.
  5. The grade received at the other institution must be equivalent to or higher than the Manhattan College grade of C.
  6. Grades earned at other institutions will not be transferred to the student’s record at Manhattan College.
  7. Study-abroad courses do not count toward the 12-credit maximum.
  8. The required nine (9) credits of Religious Studies courses – RELS 110, a 200-level course in Catholic Studies, and a 300-level course from Global Studies and Contemporary Issues – are at the core of the Lasallian heritage of the College.  Generally, these courses will be taken on-campus.  These courses are offered in both in-class and online formats by the College.  A required RELS course may be taken off-campus if the RELS program does not offer enough openings in the course.  Any exceptions will only be permitted for one of the three-credit RELS courses and as part of the overall 12 credits allowed.  Any RELS course taken off-campus to meet the nine credit hour requirement will require review for equivalency or substitutability by the dean of the School of Liberal Arts before approval by the student’s dean.
  1. Each School may adopt additional guidelines to meet specific accreditation or curricular requirements for its programs.

This policy will come into force starting the 2017-2018 academic year for all students enrolled at that time and subsequently.

Honor Societies and Research Opportunities

The faculty of Liberal Arts, in order to encourage and reward the development of serious scholarship among its students, have established on campus a number of national honor societies. Chief among these are Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi.

Phi Beta Kappa, founded in 1776, is dedicated to the ideal of excellence in scholarship in the liberal arts and sciences and is widely regarded as a mark of the highest distinction. The Manhattan College Chapter, the Upsilon of New York, was chartered in 1971. Students elected to Phi Beta Kappa are chosen from among those students who have achieved general scholastic excellence.

Sigma Xi is a national honor society founded in 1886 that encourages original research in the pure and applied sciences. Students are elected to membership on the basis of their accomplishments in research and their enthusiasm for continued scientific investigation.

In addition, most academic departments sponsor local chapters of national honor societies in their disciplines. The faculty are dedicated to encouraging student research efforts and are pleased to have students join them in their own research. Indeed, one of the hallmarks of Manhattan College is the frequency with which students and faculty join together in research projects.

Independent study courses are available in most departments for students seeking the opportunity to do advanced-level study with a faculty member in an area not ordinarily covered by regular coursework. In addition, many departments sponsor supervised internships and field-study opportunities through the department or through the Cooperative Education Program.

Of special note are the Branigan Scholars Grants. These grants, established in 1967 through the generous contributions of Edward Vincent Branigan ’40 with matching gifts from major corporations and support from the National Endowment for the Humanities, provide summer stipends for students pursuing research projects independent of their course work.

Internships

Opportunities for off-campus work experiences that carry course credit toward graduation are available to juniors and seniors in the School of Liberal Arts through internship courses offered by departments and programs. Internship courses are numbered 375 or 475. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by their chair or advisor and by the Dean of the School of Liberal Arts.

Graduate Awards and Fellowships

Manhattan College is among a small, select group of American Colleges sending large numbers of students on to graduate schools. To continue this tradition, the college has developed programs to assist students seeking information about graduate programs and particularly about fellowships and scholarships for graduate study. Further information is available from the Center for Graduate School and Fellowship Advisement and from the departmental chairs.

Prelegal Advisory Committee

Students interested in entering law school should seek guidance through the Prelegal Advisory Committee. In addition to personal interviews, the Committee conducts group meetings to advise students on specialized fields of law. The Committee also makes information available on requirements for admission to law schools, the availability of scholarships, and special opportunities in the legal profession. Further information is available from Professor Patricia Sheridan of the School of Business.

Health Professions Advisory Committee

The Health Professions Advisory Committee is a body of faculty members from several schools who give guidance to students interested in preparing for careers in medicine, dentistry and allied fields. The Committee advises students on the selection of programs of study that will furnish them with specialized pre-professional courses in the sciences and with a broad liberal education to prepare them for effective participation in the health-care community. Further information is available from the Office of the Chair of the Health Advisory Committee, Dr. Bruce Liby of the Physics Department.

Students seeking entry to health professions schools are encouraged to enroll in the pre-health minor. Students are not required to join the minor in order to receive an HPAC committee evaluation letter; however, participation is recommended in order to be included in the competitive cohort that applies to health professions schools each year.

Preparation for Medicine and Dentistry

Requirements are established by the Association of American Medical Colleges, the American Dental Association, and other professional associations in the health field. The pre-professional requirements in the sciences are met within the context of a broad liberal education. Pre-professional students are expected to maintain an average of at least a B in their science courses.

The minimum required courses for admission to professional schools are:

BIOL 111
BIOL 112
General Biology I
and General Biology II
8
BIOL 113
& BIOL 114

and
0
CHEM 101
CHEM 102
General Chemistry I
and General Chemistry II
6
CHEM 319
CHEM 320
Organic Chemistry I
and Organic Chemistry II
6
CHEM 323
CHEM 324
Organic Chemistry Laboratory I
and Organic Chemistry Laboratory II
4
ENGL 110First Year Composition3
6 Credits of MATH are required.
Students should take:
MATH 155Calculus for the Life Sciences I3
MATH 185Calculus I3
MATH 187Honors Calculus I3
MATH 230Elementary Statistics3
Optional 2nd MATH course
MATH 156Calculus for the Life Sciences II3
MATH 186Calculus II3
MATH 188Honors Calculus II3
PHYS requirements:
PHYS 101
PHYS 191
Physics I
and Physics I Lab
4
PHYS 102
PHYS 192
Physics II
and Physics II Lab
4
OR
PHYS 107
& PHYS 197
Introduction to Physics I
and
4
PHYS 108
& PHYS 198
Introduction to Physics II
and
4
Highly Recommended:
CHEM 433Biochemistry I3
BIOL 319Cellular BioChemistry/Physiology4
PSYC 150Roots: Psychology3
or SOC 150 Roots: Sociology

Specific schools may require or recommend other courses.

At least one course each in Biochemistry, Psychology, and Sociology are highly recommended by all medical [and dental] schools.

Students seeking entry to health professions schools are encouraged to enroll in the pre-health concentration. Students are not required to join the concentration in order to receive an HPAC committee evaluation letter; however, participation is recommended in order to be included in the competitive cohort that applies to health professions schools each year.

Outline of Course Requirements Leading to a Bachelor of Arts Degree with a Major in the Humanities or the Social Sciences Excluding Psychology

First YearCredits
LLRN 1023
Roots Humanities or Social Sciences19
SCI23
Language both semesters36
RELS 1103
ENGL 1103
MATH43
 30
Second YearCredits
Roots Humanities or Social Sciences19
SCI26
Catholic Studies3
Major and/or Elective12
 30
Third YearCredits
Roots Humanities or Social Sciences16
RELS Global Studies/Contemporary Issues3
Major and/or Elective21
 30
Fourth YearCredits
Major and/or Elective30
 30
Total Credits: 120
1

Students choose three from Roots Social Science Courses: ECON 150 Roots: Economics, POSC 150 Roots: Government, SOC 150 Roots: Sociology, PSYC 150 Roots: Psychology. Students take the following Roots Humanities courses: ENGL 150 Roots: Literature; HIST 150 Roots: History; PHIL 150 Roots: Philosophy; ART 150 Roots: Art or MUSC 150 Roots: Music.

2

The science courses SCI 201 Introduction Astronomy, SCI 202 Introduction Geology, SCI 203 Topics in Science I, SCI 204 Topics in Science II, SCI 221 Introduction Meteorology, SCI 230 Great Ideas in Physics, SCI 231 Chemistry in the Modern World and BIOL 103 Introduction to Biology. In place of the nine credit SCI requirement, students may take a full year of one of the following: PHYS 101 Physics I, PHYS 102 Physics II or PHYS 107 Introduction to Physics I, PHYS 108 Introduction to Physics II, CHEM 101 General Chemistry I, CHEM 102 General Chemistry II, BIOL 111 General Biology I, BIOL 112 General Biology II, BIOL 113 or BIOL 131 Principles of Biology I, BIOL 132 Principles of Biology II or BIOL 133 , BIOL 134 , along with one SCI course in a different science.

3

Placement by Modern Language Department.

4

Students generally take MATH 151 Topics in Modern Mathematics , MATH 185 Calculus I or MATH 230 Elementary Statistics.

Note: Students pursuing a B.A are required to complete at least 99 credits in the Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Outline of Course Requirements Leading to a Bachelor of Arts Degree with a Major in Psychology

First YearCredits
PSYC 2143
LLRN 1023
ENGL 110 (first or second semester)3
RELS 1103
MATH first or second semester43
Roots Humanities or Social Sciences first or second semester26
PSYC 1503
Language both semesters16
 30
Second YearCredits
PSYC 3143
PSYC 4143
Roots Humanities or Social Sciences26
PSYC Applied3
Catholic Studies3
Electives6
SCI36
 30
Third YearCredits
PSYC Social/Developmental6
RELS Global Studies/Contemporary Issues3
SCI33
Electives15
Roots Humanities or Social Sciences23
 30
Fourth YearCredits
PSYC Clinical/Cognitive/Physiological9
Electives21
 30
Total Credits: 120
1

Placement by Modern Language Department.

2

Students choose two from Roots Social Science courses: ECON 150 Roots: Economics, POSC 153 Roots:Government - FYS or SOC 153 Roots: Sociology - FYS. Students take the following Humanities courses: ENGL 151 Roots: Literature-1st Year Seminar; HIST 152 Roots: History - FYS; PHIL 152 Roots of Modern Age: Philosophy - FYS; ART 151 Roots:Art -FYS or MUSC 151 Roots:Music-1st Year Seminar.

3

The science courses are SCI 201 Introduction Astronomy, SCI 202 Introduction Geology, SCI 203 Topics in Science I, SCI 204 Topics in Science II, SCI 221 Introduction Meteorology, SCI 230 Great Ideas in Physics, SCI 231 Chemistry in the Modern World and BIOL 103 Introduction to Biology. In place of the nine credit SCI requirement, students may take one full year of the following: PHYS 101 Physics I and PHYS 102 Physics II or PHYS 107 Introduction to Physics I and PHYS 108 Introduction to Physics II, CHEM 101 General Chemistry I and CHEM 102 General Chemistry II, BIOL 111 General Biology I, BIOL 112 General Biology II, BIOL 113 or BIOL 131 Principles of Biology I, BIOL 132 Principles of Biology II, BIOL 133 , BIOL 134 , along with one SCI course in a different science.

4

MATH 230 Elementary Statistics is highly recommended for students pursuing a degree in Psychology.

Note: Students pursuing a B.A. are required to complete at least 99 credits in the Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Outline of Course Requirements Leading to a Bachelor of Science Degree with a Major in Psychology

First YearCredits
LLRN 1023
Language both semesters16
One of the following groups8
BIOL 111
& BIOL 113
 
BIOL 112
& BIOL 114
 
ENGL 110 (first or second semester)3
MATH 185 or 2303
PSYC 1503
PSYC 2143
 29
Second YearCredits
One of the following groups8
PSYC 3143
BIOL 207
BIOL 208
8
RELS 1103
PSYC 4143
 
 
Electives3
Roots Humanities or Social Sciences26
 34
Third YearCredits
Roots Humanities or Social Sciences212
Catholic Studies3
Electives3
PSYC Applied/Developmental/Psychological/Social12
 30
Fourth YearCredits
Electives15
PSYC Cognitive/Clinical9
RELS Global Studies/Contemporary Issues3
 27
Total Credits: 120
1

Placement by Modern Language Department.

2

Students choose two from Roots Social Science courses: ECON 150 Roots: Economics, POSC 150 Roots: Government, or SOC 150 Roots: Sociology. Students take the following Humanities courses: ENGL 151 Roots: Literature-1st Year Seminar; HIST 150 Roots: History; PHIL 150 Roots: Philosophy; ART 151 Roots:Art -FYS or MUSC 151 Roots:Music-1st Year Seminar.

Arabic/Modern Languages and Literatures Courses

ARAB 101. Arabic for Beginners I. 3 Credits.

Introduction to the Study of Arabic. Introduces students to the sounds and script of Arabic, common phrases and rudimentary grammar. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Arabic-speaking peoples. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in Arabic.

ARAB 102. Arabic for Beginners II. 3 Credits.

Introduction to the Study of Arabic. Introduces students to the sounds and script of Arabic, common phrases and rudimentary grammar. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Arabic-speaking peoples. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in Arabic. Prerequisite: ARAB 101 or Placement by Department Chair.

ARAB 201. Intermediate Arabic I. 3 Credits.

An intermediate course designed as a continuation of ARAB 102 and a basis for further instruction in AFL (Arabic as a foreign language). Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite : ARAB 102 or equivalent.

ARAB 202. Intermediate Arabic II. 3 Credits.

An upper-intermediate language and culture course in Arabic designed for students who have fulfilled the requirements for third semester Arabic and/or those who demonstrate an equivalent competence in Modern standard Arabic. This course will be conducted approx. 80% of the time in Arabic. It is designed to improve all of the language skills in Arabic, with special emphasis on the development of reading and listening comprehension, as well as speaking skills. Additional attention will be paid to improving students writing skills. Students will be exposed to cultural, historical and contemporary aspects of the Arabic speaking world through literary, journalistic and textbook reading passages, music, video, advertising, etc. Students will practice summarization, description, narration, restatement, and expressing personal feelings and opinions through a variety of writing and speaking tasks.

ARAB 219. Keeping Arabic Alive. 1 Credit.

A course designed to improve the student's command of Arabic through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student or related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times. Prerequisite: Permission of MLL Chair.

ARAB 301. Advanced Arabic I. 3 Credits.

This course builds upon the communication skills learned in Intermediate Arabic. Through purposeful listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities, students participate in authentic exchanges of information (e.g. describing the location of people, places and things;inquiring and offering directions;communicating about future and past events; buying items, etc.

ARAB 302. Advanced Arabic II. 3 Credits.

This course is a continuation of ARAB301. The course develops more advanced skills in reading, writing, aural comprehension and oral expression. Topics to be covered: traveling, relationships, ceremonies, services (especially public administration), careers, personal achievements. Additional materials and texts will provide a cultural supplement and introduce students to some short literary texts.

ARAB 321. Arabic Across the Curriculum. 1 Credit.

An advanced course designed to further develop the student's command of Arabic through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times. Prerequisite: Permission of MLL Chair.

Art Courses

ART 134. The Culture of Games. 3 Credits.

This introductory course surveys the history of the videogame industry from its precursors in pre-digital culture to the present and near future. The course examines video game genres, theories of gameplay, gaming para-texts, careers in the field, and the marketing of games, and it introduces students to divisions of gaming, including design, coding, and narrative.

ART 145. Fundamentals of Art & Design. 3 Credits.

Students will develop an understanding of core theories and concepts in art, learn basic skills in the critical analysis of art and design, and gain hands-on technical experience through a variety of traditional and digital media.

ART 150. Roots: Art. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of major works of art from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world.

ART 151. Roots:Art -FYS. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of major works of art from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world. First Year Seminar.

ART 212. Art of Digital Photography. 3 Credits.

Focuses on the creation of conceptually oriented digital prints, the history and aesthetics of digital art, and a thorough understanding of Photoshop, color management, digital cameras, and ink jet printing. Includes extensive instruction in software and professional-grade printers that facilitate the creation of digital prints. Regular discussions and critiques of student work will scrutinize the student’s objectives, intentions, conceptual ideas, and technical skills. Materials fee: $50.

ART 213. Digital Drawing. 3 Credits.

Introduces students to variety of skills and experiences ranging from still-life, portraiture, perspective and shading to the dynamic use of the human figure, as in drawing choreography. Taught within a Macintosh-computer environment using Adobe Illustrator and Corel Painter. Each student has use of a Wacom Intous digital sketch pad and stylus pen.

ART 214. Introduction to Graphic Design. 3 Credits.

Introduces the process of making graphic designs from the initial choice of a topic through the working stages and the finished presentation. Presents instruction in Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator programs. Some minor visual arts knowledge is highly recommended.

ART 218. Introduction to World Art. 3 Credits.

A survey and analytical study of selected major architectural monuments and masterpieces of painting, sculpture, and photography from Africa, Asia, Middle East, and South America. Art and architecture are placed within cultural, stylistic, and historical contexts.

ART 260. Monasticism and the Arts. 3 Credits.

A survey of the artistic achievements of monastic communities during the Catholic Middle Ages, from the Benedictines to the Franciscan and Dominicans. Students will read monastic texts and study major works of medieval architecture, manuscript illumination, painting, and sculpture that manifest monastic values.

ART 304. Art & Architecture of Renaissance Italy. 3 Credits.

An on-site study of different aspects of the political, socio-economic and cultural life of Italy as witnessed through the Renaissance art and architecture of Florence and the surrounding region. The course is offered in Italy during the summer.

ART 307. 3D Design, Modeling and Visualization. 3 Credits.

This introductory course explores the creation of three-dimensional sculptural and architectural forms, lighting principles, and texture application via AutoDesk 3ds max (Cinema 4D) (Maya). Rendering, animation and output for different media will also be covered.

ART 309. Animation. 3 Credits.

This course will address core concerts in 2D and 3D animation production focusing on design, storyboarding, character development, movement, and motion graphics using Adobe Animate and After Effects. Students will learn the principles of animation and become proficient in the processes involved in the development of computer animated sequences.

ART 315. American Art. 3 Credits.

Examines American painting, sculpture, architecture, graphic art, and decorative arts from the colonial period to 1970. Emphasizes parallels with European culture, the characteristics of American realism, and social and political contexts. Topics include the emergence of American art, 1760-1840; American Romanticism of the Hudson River School and Luminism; the insurgent Realists of The Ashcan School; pioneers of American Modernism; and the Abstract Expressionists.

ART 316. History of Asian Art. 3 Credits.

Surveys the major movements of the arts of India, China and Japan, including painting, calligraphy, sculpture, architecture, photography and the decorative arts. Beginning with the Neolithic period and extending beyond modern movements to the contemporary era, the course examines works of Indian, Chinese and Japanese art in their aesthetic, social, philosophical and religious contexts. Discusses concepts essential to an understanding of Asian art, including Buddhism, Zen Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism.

ART 320. Ancient Art. 3 Credits.

History of art in the Western tradition from the Paleolithic Age (20,000 B.C.) to the 4th century A.D. Examines the development of civilization in the Near East, Egypt, the early Aegean cultures, the emergence of Greek art, from the Bronze age through the Hellenistic period; and explores the rise and expansion of the Roman Empire; and the period from the beginning of the Christian era to the rule of Emperor Constantine in the 4th-century A.D. A museum assignment requires a visit to the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art or the Brooklyn Museum.

ART 321. Medieval Art. 3 Credits.

The history of art in the Middle Ages, beginning with Early Christian art and continuing through Late Gothic. A museum assignment requires a visit to the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art or the Brooklyn Museum.

ART 322. Renaissance Art. 3 Credits.

This class begins with the early Renaissance in Florence, continues with the High Renaissance in Italy, and concludes with the Renaissance in the North. The basic concepts that distinguish the Renaissance from the Medieval period and modern times are discussed. Individual work is placed within the context of contemporary history, emphasizing in humanism, the emerging individualism of the artist, the revival of interest in the ancient world, and the varied responses to the classical heritage. A museum assignment requires a visit to the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art or the Brooklyn Museum.

ART 323. 19th Century Art: 1750-1890. 3 Credits.

Surveys nineteenth-century art from its roots in the Enlightenment and French Revolution to Post-Impressionism. Examines the innovations of artists and movements that led to the clash of classicism and romanticism, birth of landscape painting, and emergence of the avant-garde and radical painting that became the foundation of modern art. Focuses on how artists developed new visions in response to the century's political, social, and technological upheavals. Emphasizes major movements such as Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, and Post-Impressionism. Includes museum visits.

ART 326. Baroque Art: From Empire to Revolution. 3 Credits.

This class discusses the profound geopolitical, religious, and economic changes and expansions in 17th century Europe as expressed in art and architecture, from the age of empire building and mercantilism to the age of revolution and enlightenment philosophy. The class will include trips to Metropolitan Museum of Art and special exhibitions at area museums.

ART 329. History of Modern Art. 3 Credits.

This course is an introduction to Modern art from the end of the 19th century to the present. Shaped by the dramatic social, technological and intellectual changes of the industrial age of modern life, painting, sculpture and new forms of art (e.g. photography) radically departed from the traditional notions of art formulated and practiced in pre-industrial society. Throughout the semester, we will examine the many artistic movements in modernisms wake, including impressionism, post-impressionism, expressionism, cubism, surrealism, and others as well as the rise of the avant-garde and the development of abstraction. This course includes visits to the Museum of Modern Art and various Chelsea area galleries.

ART 340. History of Fashion. 3 Credits.

Surveys costume and dress in Western culture ranging from antiquity to the present. Studies the costumes of various periods and the factors influencing the evolution of clothing styles. Examines historical influences, political rhetoric, economic issues and social and cultural identity in fashion in order to analyze contemporary trends and styles.

ART 358. The New York Skyscraper. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the art of building, concentrating on the skyscraper in New York City, and dealing only with such earlier work as relates to its background and development. Attention is given to planning, style, and engineering. The course features lectures, tours, visits to studios.

ART 360. New York City Architecture, Urbanism and Design. 3 Credits.

From the Federal-style row house to the modern skyscraper, New York's architectural heritage is compelling. This course is an introduction to the philosophy and socio-economic/political forces that have shaped our city. Using the city as a classroom, students experience architecture and the urban environment-look, touch, discuss, question. Classes take place on site, at various Manhattan locations.

ART 370. Current Trends. 3 Credits.

A course to introduce the student to the current New York Art Scene. There will be visits to galleries, studios, museums and performance spaces.

ART 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts.

ART 380. Digital Video Art: Editing and Production. 3 Credits.

This course focuses on creating works of video art while examining and reflecting upon filmic history. There is extensive instruction in Final Cut Studio Pro and DVD Studio Pro, giving students the skills to begin making video in the first two weeks. Students create conceptual, engaging work that is critiqued at length. While examining video art's historical roots and contemporary video artists, students develop their video projects that build upon ideas and techniques realized from the first video assignment.

ART 402. Special Topic: in Art. 3-6 Credit.

An intensive study of a single artist, genre, period, culture, or issue facing visual art scholarship today. The subject studied will vary from semester to semester. A student may elect this course as often as four times for the art history minor, presuming a different subject each time. Offered every semester. Previous special topic courses include History of Photography", "Art Between the World Wars", "History of Modern Art", "History of Fashion", and "Video Editing and Production.".

ART 405. Senior Seminar: in Art History. 3 Credits.

An overview of the theories and methods of art history that clarifies approaches to analyzing and interpreting art, including formalism, iconography, semiotics, Marxism, feminism, deconstructionism, and post-colonialism. Readings will cover art historical periods from the ancient to the contemporary and a wide range of media. Students will develop critical skills necessary to practice the discipline of art history: careful looking, original research, compelling argumentation, and clear writing.

ART 406. Virtual Venice. 3 Credits.

In this course, students will use Virtual Reality (VR) technology to immerse themselves in the city of Venice. Preserving the historical experience of the city, they will produce a 360-degree educational tour of the Venetian canals, which will allow users to investigate the waterways’ history and contemporary cultural significance.

ART 407. Senior Game Seminar. 3 Credits.

In this capstone course, students from all tracks in the Game Design & Production major work in teams to develop an original videogame, combining narrative, design, and coding elements. Current and future trends in gaming are examined. Open to GDP majors who have completed a major concentration track only or by permission of instructor.

ART 408. Independent Study. 1 Credit.

Individual study of a major artist, architect, or aesthetical issue facing art scholarship and practice today with a member of the department. Open only to students who secure the approval of the Chair of the Dept. and the consent of the individual instructor. A student may elect this course only once for credit towards the minor in Digital Media arts or the minor in Art History.

ART 409. Senior Portfolio. 3 Credits.

This Capstone Course is intended to be a culminating experience for Digital Media Art Majors. Students will develop a professional portfolio as well as create a marketable resume package, website, and social media presence. The course will also involve organizing and participating in a final exhibition.

ART 412. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

Individual study of a major artist, architect, or aesthetic issue facing art history scholarship today with a member of the department. Open only to students who secure the approval of the Chair of the Department and the consent of the individual instructor. A student may elect this course only once for credit towards the Minor in Art History.

Communication Courses

COMM 101. Introduction to Communication and Media. 3 Credits.

A survey of the major fields of communication and media, their history and evolution, with emphasis on new media and on the way media function in modern society.

COMM 102. Quadrangle I. 1 Credit.

Basic elements of the news story, with emphasis on writing accurate, vivid campus news. Introduction to journalism ethics, news-gathering techniques, and copy-editing. By permission of instructor.

COMM 103. Quadrangle 2. 1 Credit.

Survey of methods for writing features, investigative reports, editorials, and sports, with emphasis on documenting campus events and issues. By permission of instructor. Prerequisite: COMM 102 or by permission of instructor.

COMM 104. Quadrangle 3. 1 Credit.

An internship with the campus newspaper, the Quadrangle, in which students work in editorial positions and with the paper's advisor. Development of editing and news writing skills. Requires attendance at staff and editorial board meetings. Prerequisite: COMM 103 OR by permission of instructor.

COMM 110. Public Speaking and Presentation. 3 Credits.

Basic principles of oral communication before audiences in a variety of settings, with emphasis on informing and persuading. Attention to research, rhetoric, logic and the use of technology to enhance public presentation.

COMM 120. Forensics/Debate. 3 Credits.

An introduction to strategies of argumentation and persuasion in oral presentation. Emphasis on competitive debating. Prerequisites: COMM 101 OR 110, OR permission of instructor.

COMM 201. Ethics in Communication & Media. 3 Credits.

A survey and analysis of major ethical and legal issues in the mass communication industry, its business and production practices, and its content. Emphasis is on case studies from the industry. Prerequisite: COMM 101.

COMM 209. Introduction to Journalism. 3 Credits.

A study of the print journalism industry in the United States, including the history and purposes of journalistic practice, the present-day workings of the profession and how the developments of electronic journalism and the Internet continue to impact and transform the role of journalism in political, civic, and social life. Prerequisites: COMM 101 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 213. Reporting and Newswriting. 3 Credits.

A study of basic procedures and techniques of reporting, writing, and editing the news with emphasis on developing clear, vigorous writing. Background readings in the media and American society. Writing is limited to relatively basic stories: accidents, conferences, interviews. Prerequisite: COMM 101 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 214. Magazine Writing. 3 Credits.

Problems and methods in design, topography, and editing in magazine productions. Students learn how to research, write and market quality articles in magazine format. Prerequisite: COMM 101 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 216. Advertising & Society. 3 Credits.

This course teaches the role of advertising, and its social and ethical implications, from a critical and cultural perspective. Particular focus is on the ways in which culture impacts and is impacted by advertising and all media formats, especially as it relates to visual communication, message delivery, and environmental constructs. PREREQUISITE: COMM 101 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 217. Introduction to Public Relations. 3 Credits.

The purpose of this introductory course is to orient students to the field of public relations, introduce theoretical and practical considerations that form the basis of the field, and provide a platform upon which to understand the market sectors that employ public relations professionals. The course includes an introduction to ethical standards that shape and govern the field, processes for conducting research and strategic planning in public relations, the mechanics of public relations writing, and the various "publics" of any organization including internal and external stakeholders. Prerequisites: COMM 101 OR PEAC minor OR permission of instructor.

COMM 218. Introduction to Integrated Marketing Communications. 3 Credits.

This introductory course begins to examine areas of marketing communications which includes branding, advertising, digital media and corporate communications. The course will cover strategic decisions in advertising, corporate communications and promotions, as well as consumer insights, creative decisions and execution, and media deliveries. Theories of communication will be studied to better understand audiences, dialogues, and messages. Case studies will further explore issues in each of these areas. Prerequisite: COMM 101 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 222. Introduction to Story and Post-Production. 3 Credits.

An introduction to building documentary and fiction stories, narrative theory and aesthetics, and the technology and workflows of post-production. Nonlinear editing, visual and sound effects and mixing are covered. Pre-requisite: COMM 101 OR Digital Arts & Humanities minor OR Digital Media Arts major OR permission of instructor.

COMM 225. Introduction to Sports Media. 3 Credits.

A study of the sports-media-entertainment complex in the United States and the world. Includes the role of sports in society, the history of professional sports including the evolution of sports journalism and mass media production of sports, current industry practice, and emphasis on the future of sports media production and careers. The course concludes with an introduction to remote sports production. Prerequisite: COMM 101 OR Digital Arts & Humanities minor OR permission of instructor.

COMM 235. Advertising Agencies & Storytelling. 3 Credits.

This course examines the primary departments in an advertising agency and the ways in which each work together to tell the narrative for a client. Focus is on account management, research, creative and copy, and digital analytics. Students will study how strategy is incorporated and how storytelling is used in campaign design. Prerequisite: COMM 216 OR COMM 218 OR Digital Arts & Humanities minor OR permission of instructor.

COMM 250. Sports Media Performance. 3 Credits.

An introduction to sports announcing, focusing on performance techniques for live play-by-play, color analyst, and sideline reporter positions. The preparation of background research, including performing interviews, will support these on-air roles. Students will learn to perform self and peer critique of their announcing skills while identifying and exploring storylines during live action. Prerequisite: COMM 101 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 270. Special Topic. 3 Credits.

This course deals with a topic in a specialized area in communication to be announced. Topics are selected by the department in response to student interest and industry trends. The course is offered as demand warrants. See the Chair for topics and prerequisites. This course can be repeated under different topics.

COMM 271. Transnational Communication & Media. 3 Credits.

A study of the different types of mass media systems in the world, the media systems of the world's countries and territories, the ways in which globalization has affected mass media to bring about a global media culture, and the ramifications of global media culture for the future.

COMM 301. Media Theory & Research. 3 Credits.

This course examines core theoretical approaches to the study of mass media and communication and provides students with an historical and critical overview of theory and research on communication, everyday social practices, systems of representation, and media environments. The course includes discussions on research methods, including quantitative, qualitative, textual, and critical cultural studies. The class is designed as a prerequisite to Senior Seminar and culminates in a project proposal for the seminar course. Pre-requisites: COMM 201 and Junior status.

COMM 304. Digital Storytelling. 3 Credits.

This course is designed to prepare students for professional work in a news organization that will require them to report stories in text, audio, and video formats. Course work involves significant practice in producing print copy as well as gathering and editing audio and video content, all while learning how storytelling techniques change in each medium. COMM or DASH or GAME major/minor or permission of instructor.

COMM 305. Digital Print Design. 3 Credits.

Introduces students to fundamental components of writing, designing, and producing for graphic communication, including graphic design, color theory, digital typesetting, image manipulation, and aesthetics of form. Industry standard programs will be used as tools to shape ideas into visually engaging print and digital presentations. OMM or DASH or DMA major/minor or permission of instructor.

COMM 306. Web Design. 3 Credits.

This course focuses on the developmental process of the Internet and the World Wide Web. The history of the technology and the strategies behind it will be covered, as well as HTML, the language of the Internet. The class will gain a greater understanding of the growing possibilities and advantages of using and communicating through interactive multimedia in the place of traditional media. Open to COMM, DASH, and DART majors, minors and concentrations.

COMM 308. Studio Television Production. 3 Credits.

The elements of television production techniques including camera, audio, lighting, staging, graphics, on-camera appearance and directing. Prerequisite: COMM 101 or Film Studies Minor OR permission of instructor.

COMM 309. Digital Media Writing for Marketing Communications. 3 Credits.

This course examines various types of digital writing and design elements that are essential components of best practices in the integrated marketing communications field, which includes public relations and advertising among other areas. The course incorporates progressive digital media writing and design assignments that culminate in a writing and design portfolio. Prerequisite: COMM 216 or COMM 217 or COMM 218 or Digital Arts & Humanities minor or PEACE minor or Permission of instructor.

COMM 310. Sports Media Production. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the discipline and techniques of sports media production in a mobile production unit. Students learn the tasks required of the various production crew, the operation of all equipment, and the whole of the production process from assignment to wrap.Prerequisite: COMM 225.

COMM 315. Media Planning and Buying. 3 Credits.

An introduction to media planning and buying in and among all media formats. Focus is placed on the analysis of media vehicles as advertising venues, as well as on the analysis and development of target audiences and target markets, media objectives and strategies, and media plan construction. Prerequisite: COMM 216 or COMM 217 or COMM 218 OR Permission of instructor.

COMM 316. Scriptwriting. 3 Credits.

Planning and writing concepts for radio and television broadcasting in a variety of program areas. Prerequisite: COMM 222 or Film Studies Minor.

COMM 317. Audio Production. 3 Credits.

Techniques for audio engineering/processing and sound design for television production. Prerequisite: COMM 222.

COMM 318. Advanced Reporting/Newswriting. 3 Credits.

Students learn to handle complex, intellectually demanding material involving the real and pressing problems that exist in the world around them. Prerequisite: COMM 213.

COMM 320. Strategic Planning in Public Relations. 3 Credits.

This course focuses on the process of strategic planning within the public relations field, including the writing of plans, strategic relationships with upper management, and the forming of relationships with the media for mutual advantage. This practical course examines the fundamental processes inherent in best practices in public relations, taking a long-term, strategic view of tactics, tools, and campaign planning. Prerequisite: COMM 307 or COMM 309.

COMM 330. The Journalistic Tradition. 3 Credits.

An upper-level course designed to show aspiring journalists the historical and sociological frameworks of great journalism. They will explicate iconic works by famous journalists who practiced in a range of genres, and try their hand at replicating the forms of inquiry and narrative structures they see. They will finish the course with a final research paper that requires qualitative analysis. Pre-requisite: COMM209.

COMM 335. Electronic Journalism. 3 Credits.

This course focuses on broadcast journalism and news writing for radio and television. Both hard and soft news writing and broadcast news editing are emphasized, as well as an overview of the role of the electronic news media in American society. Prerequisite: COMM 213 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 336. Sports Reporting and Writing. 3 Credits.

This course is an introduction to sports journalism. A study of basic procedures and techniques of sports reporting, writing, and editing for both print and electronic media will be emphasized. Prerequisite: COMM 101 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 338. Feature Writing. 3 Credits.

Methods of researching and writing feature stories and commentary for the print media. Markets open to freelance writers, published articles, newspaper feature sections, and Sunday supplements. Prerequisite: COMM 213 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 340. Media Criticism. 3 Credits.

A critical analysis of the mass media including major theories and research in the field. The course explores media institutions, content, and economic structure, and also offers an in-depth investigation into media effects and influence on individuals, society, and culture. Prerequisite: COMM 101 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 350. Field and Post-Production. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the equipment, techniques, and practices of electronic field production (EFP) and electronic news gathering (ENG), as well as to non-linear editing equipment and techniques used to produce packages using footage collected in the field. Prerequisite: COMM 222 OR COMM 310; open only to media production or sports media production concentration students.

COMM 359. Interactive Narratives. 3 Credits.

This course explores the structures of interactive stories, characters, and world-building, including branching, adaptive, and transmedia narratives. Students produce a story model using these principles.

COMM 365. Game Design & Development. 3 Credits.

This interactive course is designed to prepare students for professional work in game design and development. Coursework involves practice in producing game design, storytelling and strategy blueprints as well as gathering and creating gaming assets and using scripts, professional game engines and 3D modeling software.

COMM 371. Intercultural Communication. 3 Credits.

A study of the basic principles of intercultural communication and the impact of culture on one's perceptions, beliefs, meanings, and communication. Prerequisite: COMM 101 OR Digital Arts & Humanities minor OR PEAC minor OR permission of instructor.

COMM 375. Internship for Juniors. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of communication. Frequent meetings with the advisor plus a paper are required. Prerequisites: Junior status, 3.0 GPA, and permission of the student's advisor or the Chair.

COMM 400. Political Communication. 3 Credits.

Examines from a theoretical and practical standpoint the planning, execution, and evaluation of communication strategies in modern political campaigns.

COMM 406. Mass Communication Law. 3 Credits.

A course designed to cover the chief legal issues, especially in the regulated broadcast industries. Some legal problems to be considered: libel, national security, the meaning of the First Amendment, privacy, shield laws, the press and the courtroom, the Federal Communications Act, and the FTC versus the advertising industry.

COMM 409. Senior Seminar. 3 Credits.

Students will select a topic in their area of concentration, culminating in a major paper involving original research and an oral presentation in front of the class illustrated by audio-visual accompaniment. Prerequisite: COMM 301 and Senior Status.

COMM 414. Advertising Campaigns. 3 Credits.

Students learn to connect message solutions to advertising problems through an understanding of the relationship of advertising strategy and brand positioning to communication strategies and advertising copy. This course also focuses on the advertising campaign and how to pitch to a client. Prerequisite: COMM 315.

COMM 419. Advanced TV Production. 3 Credits.

Practical discussion of techniques in TV production. Practical experience is offered to improve lighting, proper use of special effects, and advanced graphics. Creativity is encouraged, utilizing the abilities acquired in television production. Prerequisite: COMM 308 and COMM 350; open only to media production concentration students.

COMM 420. Advanced Public Relations. 3 Credits.

The primary intent of this course is to examine public relations from a communicative perspective, integrating theory and practice. In doing so, students will participate in traditional class lectures and will be involved in all phases of the planning, implementation, writing for, and evaluation of a "real life" PR campaign and/or event. Pre-requisite: COMM 320 or COMM 235 and COMM 309.

COMM 422. Organizational Communication. 3 Credits.

The organizational structure of a company will be explored with emphasis on practical experience in interviewing, resume writing, audio-visual usage, symposia, and sales presentations. Field visits are included in the course.

COMM 423. Programming. 3 Credits.

Examines philosophies and techniques used in programming television and radio stations and networks. The organizational set-up of programming departments, development of competitive strategies for radio and television schedules, and insights into audience behavior and measurement are emphasized. Prerequisite: COMM 222.

COMM 431. Advanced Sports Media Production I. 3 Credits.

Students pre-produce and produce Jaspers Athletics games and events for live-streaming using the College's mobile production unit. Students serve in the various positions on a sports media production crew, including serving as talent to call games, and as a result gain professional production experience as part of their academic program. (The course can be repeated twice for credit, as COMM 432 and COMM 433.) Prerequisite: COMM 310 OR permission of instructor.

COMM 432. Advanced Sports Media Production II. 3 Credits.

Students pre-produce and produce Jaspers Athletics games and events for live-streaming using the College's mobile production unit. Students serve in the various positions on a sports media production crew, including serving as talent to call games, and as a result gain professional production experience as part of their academic program.(The course can be repeated twice for credit, as COMM 431 and COMM 433.) Prerequisite: COMM 431.

COMM 433. Advanced Sports Media Production III. 3 Credits.

Students pre-produce and produce Jaspers Athletics games and events for live-streaming using the College's mobile production unit. Students serve in the various positions on a sports media production crew, including serving as talent to call games, and as a result gain professional production experience as part of their academic program. (The course can be repeated twice for credit, as COMM 431 and COMM 432.) Prerequisite: COMM 432.

COMM 461. Independent Study in Communication. 3 Credits.

Independent study is designed for the student majoring in Communication with demonstrated proficiency to work independently on a project related to an area of communication and approved in advance by the Chair and the project advisor. Frequent meetings with the advisor are required. Independent study is not typically offered for production-based projects. Prerequisite: Junior status and a 3.0 GPA.

COMM 470. Special Topic. 3 Credits.

This course deals with a topic in communication to be announced. Each topic is selected by the department and is in a specialized area. The course is offered as demand warrants. See the Chair for topics, prerequisites, and other details. This course can be repeated under different topics.

COMM 475. Internship for Seniors. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of concentration. Frequent meetings with the advisor plus a paper are required. Prerequisites: Senior status, 3.0 GPA, and permission of the student's advisor or the Chair.

English Courses

ENGL 103. Writing Lab: Introduction to Composition for Science Students. 2 Credits.

This course introduces science students in the C-Step program to college-level expository writing. Focusing on writing and research about science, it pursues an inquiry-driven approach to teach analysis and argumentation. Students will develop a range of rhetorical skills as they learn the process of writing. Open only to C-STEP students. Permission of C-STEP Advisor.

ENGL 106. Introduction to Composition. 3 Credits.

English 106 prepares students for English 110 through introductory level assignments designed to acclimate students to narrative, argumentative, and expository writing. The course employs a variety of exercises to teach students about the stages of composition: invention, revision, and reflection. Course assignments provide students with the intellectual tools to write argumentative essays.

ENGL 110. First Year Composition. 3 Credits.

English 110 pursues an inquiry-driven approach to writing and research, teaching rhetorical analysis and argumentation. The course emphasizes writing as an intellectual, social process both in terms of content and structure. Sections are thematically organized and use writing to explore that particular theme and frame writing as a process that involves stages of invention, revision, and reflection; course activities and assignments provide students with the rhetorical tools to understand how language works in defining reality, explaining positions, and persuading others. The course aims to prepare students for the responsibilities of literate adult citizenship and the rhetorical challenges of their chosen fields and careers.

ENGL 150. Roots: Literature. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of selected literary texts and developments from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world.

ENGL 151. Roots: Literature-1st Year Seminar. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of selected literary texts and developments from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world. First Year Seminar.

ENGL 205. Reading & Writing the Theater. 3 Credits.

A study of the art and craft of playwriting focused on dramatic structure, genre, and audience. The course combines analysis of significant plays from various historical periods and workshopping of students' original dramatic work.

ENGL 209. Writing Consultant Training. 1 Credit.

This course is designed to train students to be competent tutors in the Manhattan College Writing Center. By permission of instructor. Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, or Engineering.

ENGL 210. Advanced First Year Composition. 3 Credits.

An advanced alternative to English 110, the course emphasizes writing as an intellectual, social process both in terms of content and structure. An exploration of strategies for expository and argumentative writing and research techniques, English 210 pursues an inquiry-driving approach to writing and research, teaching rhetorical analysis and argumentation. Emphasizing writing as a process that involves stages of invention, revision, and reflection, course activities and assignments provide students with the rhetorical tools to understand how language works in defining reality, explaining positions, and persuading others. This course will fulfill the ENGL 110 requirement for advanced freshman students placed by the Department Chair. Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, or Engineering.

ENGL 211. Business Communication. 3 Credits.

An intermediate course focusing on the specialized communications skills required by professionals. Emphasis on research techniques and on the rhetoric and diction necessary to persuade different audiences, as demanded by a variety of case studies. (For students in the School of Business only). Does not satisfy their English literature elective.

ENGL 212. Latino/Latina Literature. 3 Credits.

The course examines key themes and narrative impulses of Latino/a literature. Students will engage the work of authors from a range of time periods. They will also study a variety of genres, such as novels, short stories, drama, poetry, and/or non-fiction essays.

ENGL 240. Introduction to Creative Writing. 3 Credits.

A study of the craft of poetry, fiction, and creative non-fiction writing. Exercises in form and technique and the creation of original stories and poems. Introduction to the creative writing workshop.

ENGL 245. Introduction to Shakespeare. 3 Credits.

Survey of the major histories, comedies, and tragedies.

ENGL 248. British Literature and Culture. 3 Credits.

Readings selected from the prose, poetry, and drama of the British Isles from the Anglo-Saxon period to the present.

ENGL 253. American Literature and Culture. 3 Credits.

Readings selected from the prose, poetry, and drama of America from the Colonial period to the present.

ENGL 255. Introduction to Film Studies. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the formal/aesthetic analysis of film. Through screening and discussion of representative films, students develop their ability to describe, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the film experience. Not open to students who have taken COMM 212. Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, or Engineering.

ENGL 256. Types of Film Experience. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the cultural/ideological analysis of film. Through screening and discussion of representative films, students explore the ways in which cinema reflects and shapes contemporary society. Specific topics covered include, but are not limited to, race and ethnicity, gender and sexuality, and class and power as they relate to film experience. (Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, or Engineering.) Repeatable with permission of the Chair.

ENGL 260. Comedy and Tragedy. 3 Credits.

An attempt to define comedy and tragedy by examining texts in each genre.

ENGL 262. Gender and Literature. 3 Credits.

An introduction to interpreting literature through the lens of gender. A specific theme (for example, women's writing, masculinity, gay and lesbian literature, the gendered body) will be explored in selected literary texts.

ENGL 265. Global Literature in English. 3 Credits.

A comparative study of selected literary texts by African, Asian, Caribbean, Australian, and Latin and North American writers responding to the impact of Western colonization and imperialism.

ENGL 270. Crime and Detection. 3 Credits.

The origin, development, and achievement of the detective story and the crime novel. Most readings will be drawn from 19th and 20th century authors, but some attention will be given to possible precursors such as Sophocles and Shakespeare.

ENGL 274. Reading Poetry. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the experience of reading, interpreting, and evaluating poetry.

ENGL 275. The Short Story. 3 Credits.

The origin, development, and theories of the genre as exemplified in short stories chosen from the major writers in this form.

ENGL 276. Introduction to Drama. 3 Credits.

A survey of world drama through selected play texts and representative dramatic styles, ranging from classical to contemporary.

ENGL 279. Literature and the Environment. 3 Credits.

The study of the important role the environment plays in literary texts. Themes may include the relationship between the urban and the wild, the role of animals in human affairs, and the question of human stewardship of this planet.

ENGL 280. Irish Literary Revival. 3 Credits.

A study of the major Irish writers of the late 19th and 20th centuries whose works constitute the modern Irish literary renaissance.

ENGL 284. Myth and Fairy Tale. 3 Credits.

An introduction to selected traditional myths and western European fairy tales, focusing on the literary rather than on the oral folk tradition and analyzing the pervasive influence of myth and fairy tale on modern western literature.

ENGL 285. Literary New York. 3 Credits.

A study of selected literary works in which New York City figures prominently as a subject, a metaphor, or a muse. Satisfies 200-level literature elective in Business, Engineering, and Education.

ENGL 287. Fantasy and Science Fiction. 3 Credits.

An introduction to speculative literature: fantasy, gothic, and science fiction; their relation to each other; the relation of the fantastic to fiction.

ENGL 292. Topic in the Study of Literature and Film. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a genre, period, literary form, or theme not currently listed in the general literature courses (200-level). The subject to be studied will vary from semester to semester. This course may be repeated with permission of the Chair.

ENGL 293. Literature & Business. 3 Credits.

This course will focus on the representation of business in literature from the 19th century to the present. Depictions of industrial and technological production, economic systems, capitalism, globalization, and working life will be explored. Assignments will be designed to target critical thinking and writing skills valuable in a professional context.

ENGL 305. African American Literature. 3 Credits.

Examination of important texts by African-American authors, with special emphasis on recent writings.

ENGL 306. Introduction to Literary Study. 3 Credits.

Learning to think and write like an English major. Emphasis on close reading of texts, developing a heightened sense of language, making cogent literary arguments with well-integrated evidence, and developing familiarity with literary terms and different critical approaches. Should be taken during the first semester of major course-work. For English majors and minors only.

ENGL 309. British Literature: Beowulf to the Augustan Age. 3 Credits.

The development and continuity of British literature studied in significant writers, works, literary movements, social and historical backgrounds. For English majors and minors only.

ENGL 310. British Literature II: The Romantics through the 20th Century. 3 Credits.

Continuation of the study of key British writers, works, and literary movements and their social and historical backgrounds. For English majors and minors only.

ENGL 312. Studies in Medieval British Literature. 3 Credits.

An in-depth study of medieval writers, themes, genres, on literary movements through critical reading of prose, drama, and poetry of Great Britain. The subject to be studied will vary from semester to semester.

ENGL 323. Studies in Eighteenth-Century British Literature. 3 Credits.

An in-depth study of eighteenth-century writers, themes, genres, or literary movements through critical reading of prose, drama, and poetry from Great Britain. The subject to be studied will vary from semester to semester.

ENGL 326. Writing Studies. 3 Credits.

This course focuses on writing about or within a specific topic, genre, or theory to be announced in advance and will vary by semester. This course is writing intensive and offers students a practical, historical, and theoretical understanding of the art and craft of writing they may not otherwise have the opportunity to explore. Examples include, but are not limited to: Feminist and Critical Writing Pedagogies; Memoir Writing; and Multimodal Writing.

ENGL 329. Shakespeare: Comedies, Histories, and Hamlet. 3 Credits.

Beginning with Romeo and Juliet and culminating with Hamlet, this course explores the comedies, histories, and early tragedies that earned Shakespeare his reputation as England’s leading dramatist. Class sessions will focus on close readings of the plays, the conditions under which they were originally performed, and the society and culture from which they emerged.

ENGL 330. Shakespeare II. 3 Credits.

This course explores the works that secured Shakespeare’s status as the greatest writer in any language, including Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Class sessions will focus on close readings of the plays, the conditions under which they were originally performed, and the society and culture from which they emerged.

ENGL 331. History of the English Language. 3 Credits.

The development, structure, and function of the English language. (Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, and Engineering.).

ENGL 332. Theories of Composition. 3 Credits.

An overview of contemporary composition studies, examining various movements in the field and the ways in which these movements define the act of writing. The course will focus on both theoretical principles of composition and practical concerns of writing pedagogy. Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, and Engineering.

ENGL 333. Sin and Syntax: Grammar, Identity, and the Writer. 3 Credits.

This course provides an in-depth analysis of how grammar works by contextualizing grammar usage in a variety of contexts. We examine not only standard usage, but also language use in daily life, including the impact of emerging technologies on usage. Students will be encouraged to write academically as well as personally in order to cultivate a space where we can see grammar at work and how it helps us achieve the goals of our work—whether those goals be creative, academic, or otherwise.

ENGL 334. Romantic Matter(s): Subjects & Objects. 3 Credits.

An in-depth study of writers, themes, genres, and literary movements through critical reading of prose, drama, and poetry from the British Romantic period (1789-1832).

ENGL 335. Victorian Media. 3 Credits.

This course studies one of the world’s great media revolutions. We investigate the full range of media technologies invented by British writers, artists and scientists during the reign of Queen Victorian (1837-1901): from the photograph, the telegraph, and the moving image to new forms of fiction, journalism, and advertising. We study art and literature that recount the experience of new media. Through readings in literary and media theory, we furthermore explore the social and political ramifications of those innovations.

ENGL 336. History of the Essay. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of the history and development of the essay genre. With an emphasis on historicizing the definition and function of the essay, this course investigates how issues regarding authorship and authority have evolved and contributed to how we understand the form today, including, but not limited to, its rhetorical and academic functions.

ENGL 337. Gender, Sexuality, and Literature. 3 Credits.

A study of the intersections of gender studies and literary analysis. Focusing on a specific theme (e.g. women's writing, the nature of gender, masculinity and race, queer identity), this course will study how literature shapes and is shaped by issues of gender and sexuality as they intersect with other markers of difference and power, including race, class, nation, ability, and species.

ENGL 338. Studies in Twentieth-and Twenty-first-Century American Literature. 3 Credits.

An in-depth study of twentieth and twenty-first century American writers, themes, genres, and literary movements through critical reading of prose, drama, and/or poetry.

ENGL 339. Poetics of Witness. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of poetics of witness in the creation and consumption of literature. The course will use various historical periods, geographic locations, and cultural and social movements to interrogate a poetry of witness.

ENGL 340. Studies in Creative Writing - Poetry Workshop. 3 Credits.

Advanced creative writing workshop in poetry with generative exercises, and with a focus on aspects of poetic craft such as images, figurative language, forms, rhythm, and poetic leaps. Students will develop voice, style, and technique. Each technique element will also be accompanied by an extensive study of contemporary poetic texts and poetic craft theory. Writing will culminate in small and large-scale workshops where students will read each other’s work and learn to offer constructive feedback on revision.

ENGL 343. The Art of Dying: Studies in Renaissance Literature. 3 Credits.

Working at the intersection of literary and historical analysis, this course investigates how early modern writers responded to a culture-wide preoccupation with death and its relationship to commemoration. Authors include John Donne, Christopher Marlowe, and William Shakespeare.

ENGL 345. Environmental Literature and Ecocriticism. 3 Credits.

An exploration of environmental literature, a genre whose primary focus is the natural world and the human relationship to it. Primary literary texts will be viewed through the lens of ecocriticism, an emergent critical theory that examines the representation of the natural world in literature and culture with a commitment toward environmentalism.

ENGL 346. Twentieth Century Irish Literature. 3 Credits.

An examination, through readings in various genres, of the expressive and varied literature of Ireland in the 20th century as well as the development of cultural narratives of Ireland.

ENGL 347. Literature and War. 3 Credits.

A study of the representation in fiction, poetry, drama, and film of such catastrophic human conflicts as the World Wars and the Vietnam War.

ENGL 348. Postcolonial Literature. 3 Credits.

A sampling of world fiction (in English) written since the era of decolonization. Authors employ widely divergent techniques to address the issues of colonialism, history, politics, social change, and art. Emphasis on the novel as an arena for heterogeneity of sensibilities and the clash of ideologies.

ENGL 349. Adaptation Studies. 3 Credits.

This course will study adaptation theory by examining multiple case studies, prioritizing the relationship between film and the literary arts. By reading literature, watching adaptations, and considering other modes of delivery (e.g., video games), the course will consider such issues as mise-en-scène and acting styles; shared plotting strategies; forced perspective; and narrative voice. Counts toward the English major/minor and the Film Studies minor.

ENGL 350. Studies in Creative Writing: Fiction Workshop. 3 Credits.

This course is designed for students to examine the short story form and to provide space to practice their own short story writing. By closely examining the ways in which some of the most influential short story writers have engaged with voice, style, characterization, plot, aesthetics, and experimentation, this course will help students develop a finer understanding of the elements of fiction.

ENGL 355. Studies in Creative Writing: Non-Fiction Workshop. 3 Credits.

Advanced creative writing workshop in non-fiction with generative exercises, and with a focus on developing the craft of lyrical essay techniques. Students will also develop voice and style. Each technique element will be accompanied by an extensive study of contemporary non-fiction texts. Writing will culminate in small and large-scale workshops where students will read each other’s work and learn to offer constructive feedback on revision.

ENGL 356. Latino New York: Cultural Identities and Expressions. 3 Credits.

This course examines the literature and culture of Latinos in New York City. It explores how authors of Latin American and Spanish Caribbean descent have contributed and responded to New York City as a multilingual and multicultural modern metropolis and considers recurrent topics such race/ethnicity, class, bilingualism, and immigration.

ENGL 357. Postcolonial Caribbean Literatures: Defining a Region. 3 Credits.

This course provides an overview of postcolonial fiction, poetry, drama, and essays from the Caribbean region. It explores major themes and theoretical concepts on issues such as identity, migration, race, gender, nationhood, and representation, as well as the specific cultural and historical contexts from which postcolonial Caribbean literatures emerge.

ENGL 358. Bibliomania, Archives, and the Afterlives of Books. 3 Credits.

This course studies the material lives and afterlives of books. Working in digital archives and physical archives around New York City, students have hands-on experience of rare books and literary artifacts. Through experiential learning, students investigate printing practices, publication histories and preservation techniques. We learn to tell stories in and with archives, contemplating the manifold pasts and futures of books.

ENGL 359. Technotopias & Cyborg Dreams. 3 Credits.

This course studies works of fantasy and science fiction that explore the radical potential of technology. Considering the new worlds--the technotopias--envisioned by them, we explore a range of topics: the relationship between imagination and reality; the consequences of progress; the fear of/desire for newness and “the other”; and perhaps most exciting and unsettling of all, what it means to be human.

ENGL 360. The Little Magazine: Contemporary Literary Publishing. 3 Credits.

This course is an introduction to literary magazines and to the work of editing, examining the history of “little” magazines from the mid-nineteenth-century to the present day and investigating their impact on literary culture. We will take stock of the current magazine landscape, print and digital, with a special focus on Manhattan Magazine, for which students will also engage in active editing work.

ENGL 361. Radical Stages: Modern and Contemporary British Drama. 3 Credits.

Survey of celebrated and innovative British plays from the nineteenth century through the present. Close reading of text will supplement discussions of genre and production, alongside considerations of British history and politics.

ENGL 364. The Modern & Contemporary British Novel. 3 Credits.

A study of major innovations in the British novel from the early 20th century to the present. The course will explore the formal and stylistic upheavals of modernism, in relation to radically new ideas concerning gender, psychology, and social structures, as well as the legacy of these experiments through the contemporary period.

ENGL 365. Children's Literature. 3 Credits.

A study of widely read, influential and sometimes controversial books for children, surveying major achievements and genres in children's literature, examining various approaches to the field, and commenting on social and pedagogical issues that surround it. Limited to students in the School of Education.

ENGL 366. Modernism: Eliot, Woolf, Lawrence, and Company. 3 Credits.

An exploration of literary modernism in English as a phenomenon that swept European cities in the early twentieth century, which will consider experiments with literary form that meditate on the relationship of the individual consciousness to the material reality surrounding it. We will explore the modernist scene through intellectual contexts, periodical culture, and the relationship of literature to art.

ENGL 367. Contemporary Literary Theory. 3 Credits.

This class focuses on current methodologies of interpretation—theories of reading, language, literature, and analysis—in the discipline of English. It explores a variety of answers to the questions of how, why, and what we read. A brief history of criticism since Plato will ground the work of the course: understanding and applying contemporary literary and cultural theories, including formalism, reader response, structuralism, post-structuralism, feminist analysis, psychoanalytic approaches, new historicism, postcolonialism, queer theory, critical race studies, cultural studies, eco-critical approaches, new materialism, affect theory, and thing theory approaches. This class is necessary for any graduate work in literature and writing. Does not satisfy English literature requirement in Business, Education, and Engineering.

ENGL 369. Chaucer. 3 Credits.

A study of the Canterbury Tales, Troilus and Criseyde, and the minor poems. Spring.

ENGL 370. Milton. 3 Credits.

A study of Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes, and selected shorter works.

ENGL 372. American Literature to 1914. 3 Credits.

A study of major figures and significant trends in American Literature from the colonial era to 1914. For English majors and minors only.

ENGL 373. American Fiction since 1914. 3 Credits.

A study of significant trends in the novel and other forms of prose narrative written by United States-based writers in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Some emphasis will be placed on the relationship between fiction and historical events, such as world war, civil and human rights movements, and globalization.

ENGL 374. Lust, Passion, and the Body: The American Novel to 1914. 3 Credits.

This course focuses on how issues of lust, passion, and the body figure in the American novel from the late eighteenth century to 1914. Students also will examine the rise of the novel as a genre (a relatively new art form at the time) and the crisis it evoked regarding reading, readership, and morality.

ENGL 375. Landscape & Identity: Studies in Early & Nineteenth Century American Literature. 3 Credits.

This course explores the converging representations of race, ethnicity, and the environment in American literature and culture from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth, with a theoretical grounding in critical race theory and ecocriticism. Texts will include both novels and non-fiction accounts, along with art, music, and period films.

ENGL 376. American Poetry. 3 Credits.

A survey of the American poetic tradition, from its beginnings to the present, with a focus on major authors, themes, and/or movements.

ENGL 377. American Fiction Since 1914. 3 Credits.

A study of American fiction in the modern and contemporary eras, focusing on key developments in the genre.

ENGL 378. Modern American Literature. 3 Credits.

A study of major writers and significant trends in American literature from 1914 to 1945: fiction, drama, poetry.

ENGL 379. Contemporary American Literature. 3 Credits.

A study of major writers and significant trends in American literature since 1945: fiction, drama, poetry.

ENGL 380. Growing Up Ethnic: The Ethnic-American Bildungsroman. 3 Credits.

This course examines the Ethnic American Bildungsroman, broadly construed, in order to understand how America’s ethnic and racial diversity is expressed in literature and helps create a more inclusive national imaginary. We will study “coming-of-age” narratives by Native American, African American, Jewish American, Italian American, Asian American and/or Latinx writers, among others, and explore how their accounts of “growing up ethnic” broaden and challenge the boundaries of what constitutes representative U.S. literary voices.

ENGL 381. Studies in Identity: 20th Century American Drama. 3 Credits.

A study of major and transformative American dramas of the 20th and 21st century, from Arthur Miller and Eugene O’Neill to Sarah Ruhl and Paula Vogel. Course will consider what it is that defines these plays as “American,” and how do these plays challenge previously held assumptions about identity, race, gender, and sexuality in America. Texts will be studied as literature and well as blueprints for theatrical events. That is, we will consider not just the text on the page but its performative aspects and its production history, wherever possible.

ENGL 382. New York City, Modernity, and Postmodernity. 3 Credits.

This course explores representations of New York in 20th and 21st century literature and culture. It covers various literary genres and other cultural forms. The primary focus is on New York’s iconic presence in American literature and culture, emphasizing its status as an emblem of “modernity” and “postmodernity.”.

ENGL 384. Violence & Performativity. 3 Credits.

This course seeks to explore how select playwrights, across centuries and a variety of genres, have engaged violence as a means to represent and explore the human condition. This class will be guided by questions of what a damaged body onstage mean to an audience, how playwrights differ in their use of stage violence, and what the limits are, for scholars of theatre and performance, of understanding theatre as an efficacious form of public art and expression.

ENGL 385. Film Narrative. 3 Credits.

An intensive examination of the components and history of film narrative. Students view films and read critical essays and foundational theoretical works in order to gain an understanding of the unique mechanisms of film narrative (cinematography, sound, editing, etc.).

ENGL 386. Literature and Early Cinema at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. 3 Credits.

An examination of U.S. literature and select silent films from the turn into the twentieth century, which will study—and problematize—important categories of writing in this era such as realism, naturalism, local color, and novels of manners. Studying select silent films, students will show how authors in the era relied heavily on visual images and often borrowed strategies from early silent cinema.

ENGL 387. Queering the Text. 3 Credits.

This class will focus on the reading and interpretation of queer literary texts in the context of LGBTQ history, lives, and issues. We will situate our reading of these queer texts in their legal, medical, social, and historical contexts and look backward to precursors.

ENGL 388. Feminism & Film. 3 Credits.

An in-depth examination of feminist film theory and praxis. Students will study foundational readings as well as representative films.

ENGL 389. Gothic Fictions. 3 Credits.

With its pseudo-medieval tropes of ruined castles, dark dungeons, sadistic villains, and threatened heroines set in non-English settings, the gothic was the antithesis of Enlightenment rationalism and the locus of English cultural fears and desires. Focusing primarily on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British texts from the 1790s gothic heyday, this course will explore the historic development of gothic literature through different genres (the novel, poetry, drama, film) and forms (horror gothic, terror gothic, female gothic, queer gothic, orientalist gothic) into the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including American gothic, postcolonial gothic, and horror.

ENGL 392. Topics in Literature. 3 Credits.

A major-level study of a genre, period, literary form, author, or theme not currently listed in the general literature courses. The subject to be studied will vary for each offering.

ENGL 395. Senior Seminar. 3 Credits.

A capstone course that examines 1. a literary period, genre, theme, or author(s); or 2. an issue, theme, theory or practice of composition or rhetoric through readings, class discussion, and student papers; student papers will emphasize research methodologies and will be presented and critiqued in class. The subject of the course will vary each semester. Required for senior English majors in the School of Arts and for those concentrating in adolescent or childhood English in the School of Education and Health.

ENGL 399. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

Individual study of a major writer or movement in English or American literature with a member of the department. Open only to seniors majoring in English who secure the approval of the Chair of the Department and the consent of the individual instructor. A student may elect this course once only.

ENGL 400. The Theater and the City. 3 Credits.

Taking full advantage of the spectrum of Broadway and Off-Broadway performance, this course invites students to experience theater as a multi-dimensional and collaborative art. Class discussions, on-site performances, and behind-the-scene accounts of selected theatrical events will enlighten the students' knowledge and appreciation of drama. (Special fee; permission of the chair.).

ENGL 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts.

French/Modern Languages and Literatures Courses

FREN 101. French for Beginners I. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken French. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of French-speaking peoples. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in French or with only one year of high school French.

FREN 102. French for Beginners II. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken French. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of French-speaking peoples. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in French or with only one year of high school French. Prerequisite: FREN 101 or Placement by Department Chair.

FREN 201. French for Communication I. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of French and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: FREN 102 or a minimum of two years of high school French.

FREN 202. French for Communication II. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of French and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: FREN 102 or a minimum of two years of high school French.

FREN 203. Writing French. 3 Credits.

Intensive practice of writing skills through the use of aural and written materials. Review of grammar. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: Placement by MLL Department.

FREN 204. Speaking French. 3 Credits.

Intensive practice in oral skills through extensive use of aural and written materials. Review of grammar. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: FREN 203 or placement by MLL Department.

FREN 216. Aspects of French Culture. 3 Credits.

An on-site study of different aspects of the political, socio-economic, and cultural life of France together with a survey of its artistic heritage. The course is offered in France during the summer.

FREN 219. Keeping French Alive. 1 Credit.

A course designed to improve the student's command of French through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student or related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times.

FREN 301. Advanced French Conversation and Phonetics. 3 Credits.

Intensive oral practice with everyday vocabulary together with an analysis of French sounds and a study of rhythm and intonation.

FREN 303. French Culture Through Film. 3 Credits.

French conversation and composition as well as French and Francophone civilization are studied through the viewing of films. Three instructional hours.

FREN 307. Advanced Grammar and Composition. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of the grammatical structures of French aimed at perfecting the student's oral and written command of the language.

FREN 308. French Translation. 3 Credits.

This course aims to introduce students to the practice of translation from French to English and vice versa. The course will focus on contrasting English and French grammatical, syntactical, and stylistic problems as well as vocabulary, thus affording students a deeper understanding of the French language.

FREN 316. Aspects of French and Francophone Culture. 3 Credits.

Through literacy texts, newspaper articles, music, films, and television, FREN 316 examines social and political trends, events, debates, and personalities of contemporary French and Francophone cultures. The objective of the course is to help students continue to improve their linguistic and cultural competence by examining some of the fundamental cultural aspects of French-speaking communities. This course might require going into the city to a museum, a play, or a musical event.

FREN 320. Special Topic: in French and/ or Francophone Culture. 3 Credits.

An in-depth study of a particular topic in French and/or Francophone culture and history, organized around a particular topic or theme.

FREN 321. French Across the Curriculum. 1 Credit.

An advanced course designed to further develop the student's command of French through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times. Pre-requisite: Permission of MLL Chair.

FREN 340. French Civilization. 3 Credits.

The historical, social, and cultural background of France from the Middle Ages through the 19th century. Lectures, readings, discussions, and reports.

FREN 341. Contemporary French Civilization. 3 Credits.

The historical, social, and cultural reality of France and the Francophone world in the 20th Century. Lectures, readings, discussions, and reports.

FREN 342. Francophone Literature and Culture. 3 Credits.

French 342 introduces students to Francophone literature and cultures with an emphasis on historical events of the colonial era, the anticolonial cultural movements. The course is designed around literary texts, poems, and films from Senegal, the Antilles, the Maghreb, Quebec, Vietnam, and many more Francophone regions. Pre-requisite: FREN 204 or permission of Department Chair.

FREN 350. Mastersworks in French Literature I. 3 Credits.

A survey of the major writers and literary movements of the French-speaking world from the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century together with an introduction to the analysis of literary texts. FREN 350 or FREN 351 is required for all French majors in Arts and Education and recommended for minors. Prerequisite: FREN 204 or permission of Department chair.

FREN 351. Masterworks in French & Francophone Literature II. 3 Credits.

A survey of the major writers and literary movements of the French-speaking world from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century together with an introduction to the analysis of literary texts. Either FREN 350 or FREN 351 is required for all French majors in Arts and Education and recommended for minors. Prerequisite: FREN 204 or permission of Department chair.

FREN 420. Special Topics. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a single author, genre, movement, or literary topic. Topics change yearly.

FREN 435. The French Short Story. 3 Credits.

A study of representative storytellers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

FREN 442. Contemporary Francophone Literature and Culture. 3 Credits.

This course examines contemporary Francophone literature and culture and the sociocultural and political changes that countries such as Quebec, Algeria, Haiti, Senegal, and others are experiencing. Themes such as immigration, gender in the Maghreb, Islam in France, and the complex relationship between the ex-colonizer and ex-colonized and the struggles those nations are facing to construct their identity will be explored. Pre-requisite: Any French 300 level course or permission of Department Chair.

FREN 445. Baudelaire and Modern Poetry. 3 Credits.

A study of the poetic expression of Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine, the Surrealists, and others.

FREN 455. French Theatre of the Twentieth Century. 3 Credits.

Tradition and innovation in contemporary French theatre. Reading and discussion of the most representative plays of Claudel, Giraudoux, Sartre, Camus, Anouilh, and Beckett.

FREN 460. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

In consultation with instructor and approval of Chair.

German/Modern Languages and Literatures Courses

GERM 101. German for Beginners I. 3 Credits.

A course designed to introduce students to the basic skills of understanding, speaking, reading and writing accompanied by an introduction to the culture and civilization of German-speaking countries. Three instructional hours plus one language laboratory hour per week. For students with no background in German or with only one year of high school German.

GERM 102. German for Beginners II. 3 Credits.

A course designed to introduce students to the basic skills of understanding, speaking, reading and writing accompanied by an introduction to the culture and civilization of German-speaking countries. Three instructional hours plus one language laboratory hour per week. For students with no background in German or with only one year of high school German. Prerequisite: GERM101 or Placement by Department Chair.

GERM 201. German for Communication. 3 Credits.

Further development of language proficiency with emphasis on conversation and composition, based on everyday situations and aspects of culture. Various media will be used to stimulate discussions on current topics and literary texts. Three instructional hours plus one language laboratory hour per week. Prerequisite: GERM 101, GERM 102 or a minimum of two years of high school German.

GERM 202. German for Communication II. 3 Credits.

Further development of language proficiency with emphasis on conversation and composition, based on everyday situations and aspects of culture. Various media will be used to stimulate discussions on current topics and literary texts. Three instructional hours plus one language laboratory hour per week. Prerequisite: GERM 101, GERM 102 or a minimum of two years of high school German.

GERM 219. Keeping German Alive. 3 Credits.

A course designed to improve the student's command of German through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student or related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon request of the student.

GERM 360. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

GERM 420. Special Topics: in German. 3 Credits.

GERM 460. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

Government Courses

Greek/Modern Languages and Literatures Courses

History Courses

HIST 100. Experiencing History. 3 Credits.

This seminar course puts history into practice and focuses on experiential explorations of historical topics. Approaches and subjects will vary by instructor and semester, but might include role-playing immersion scenarios, walking tours, service learning, museum work, and archival research. Formal writing is required.

HIST 124. American Civilization. 3 Credits.

This course surveys the major political, social, and cultural events, movements, and ideas of the American past.

HIST 150. Roots: History. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of selected historical texts and developments from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world.

HIST 152. Roots: History - FYS. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of selected historical texts and developments from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world.

HIST 203. History of the Medieval World. 3 Credits.

A survey of the history of Medieval Europe. Major topics include the transformation of Rome; development of the church, rise of the papacy and monastic reform; Germanic migrations; consolidation of the medieval monarchy; the Commercial Revolution; scholasticism and the universities; pilgrimage and saints; the Crusades; heresy; and the family.

HIST 204. History of the Ancient World. 3 Credits.

This course examines the development, spread, and transformation of empires in the Mediterranean world during antiquity. Special emphasis will be on the poleis of Greece, the Hellenistic World, and the Roman Republic and Empire.

HIST 206. United States Through 1876. 3 Credits.

The United States, from its origins through the Civil War and Reconstruction, with an emphasis on the main political, economic, and social developments. Major wars and cultural trends will also be addressed, as well as the lives of important and representative individuals.

HIST 207. United States Since 1876. 3 Credits.

The United States since the end of Reconstruction, with an emphasis on the major political, economic, and social developments. Major wars and cultural trends will also be addressed, as well as the lives of important and representative individuals.

HIST 210. Great Issues American History. 3 Credits.

An examination of selected critical issues and events in the history of the United States.

HIST 217. World History to 1600. 3 Credits.

This course surveys the history of civilization before the seventeenth century. Focus will be on the developments of world cultures in Europe, South and East Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, as well as encounters between these regions. Topics will include the growth of cities, court culture, and the agricultural economies that supported them; global trade networks; spread of disease; religious movements, and military conflicts.

HIST 218. World History Since 1600. 3 Credits.

This course surveys the history of the world from the European encounter with the non-Western world to the present day. It will explore the major trends which have shaped the modern world, including the rise of modern states; the revolutionary era; the ideologies of socialism, liberalism, and nationalism; European imperialism, and the shifting balance of power in the postcolonial world.

HIST 220. Race & Gender in Medieval Europe. 3 Credits.

Survey of race and gender in Medieval Europe, and the ways in which Medieval Europe remains a contested period for these concepts. Focus is on medieval primary sources. Topics include relationships between Christians, Jews, and Muslims, anti-Semitism, LGBTQ people and histories, monsters and the monstrous, and concepts of gender and race.

HIST 225. Modern Latin America. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the history of the Spanish-speaking regions of the Western hemisphere beginning with the pre-Columbian period. Special attention will be given to the era since independence.

HIST 230. History of the American Economy. 3 Credits.

This course on the rise of American economy from the colonial period to the present will go beyond economic history to examine issues of politics, philosophy, and legal theory and their impact on economic developments. Special emphasis will be given to advancements in science and technology, the creation of educational systems, and the links between global economic conditions and the economy of the nation-state. The course will highlight themes of continuity and change that have characterized American economic history.

HIST 231. Introduction to African American History. 3 Credits.

Survey from before Columbus until the present, focusing on what is now the United States, including origins and growth of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, racial discrimination, resistance, the American Civil War, emancipation, Reconstruction, struggles against Jim Crow, black life under segregation, the civil rights struggles, and post-civil rights developments.

HIST 239. Pre-Modern East Asian Civilizations. 3 Credits.

This course examines the development of the pre-modern societies, governments, and cultures across East Asia, mostly what we today call China, the Koreas, and Japan. We will examine how they developed, spread, changed, and interacted. We will be reading a variety of both primary and secondary sources, which will help to inform our discussions.

HIST 240. East Asian Civilizations. 3 Credits.

This course explores how the distinct cultures of China, Korea and Japan developed within a broadly shared civilization over the last 4000 years, but with an emphasis on early-modern and modern times. The focus is on socio-political, religious and cultural developments.

HIST 242. Introduction to African History. 3 Credits.

This course is an introduction to the history of African peoples. A general survey of the continent and case studies illustrate the differing regional experiences and diversity of African communities and political formations.

HIST 290. Special Topics. 3 Credits.

An introduction to a theme, problem, movement, or era in history.

HIST 300. Historical Methods. 3 Credits.

This course introduces students to the discipline of history. An overview of historical methodologies contributes to an understanding of how the craft of history is practiced and has evolved. Class assignments will develop and strengthen techniques of historical research, information literacy, and writing skills. Required for history majors and Adolescent Education majors concentrating in social studies and intended to be taken during the first or second semester of major course work. This course is open to others with permission of the instructor.

HIST 304. Europe in the Middle Ages. 3 Credits.

This course will explore the economic, social, and cultural history of Europe from the fifth through the fifteenth centuries. Major topics will include the transformation of the Roman Empire into Christendom; the development of the church with the rise of the papacy and monastic reform; Germanic migrations; consolidation of the medieval monarchy; the Commercial Revolution; scholasticism and the universities; pilgrimage and the cult of the saints; the crusades, heretical movements, and the medieval family.

HIST 305. Early Modern Europe. 3 Credits.

This course traces the transformation of Europe between the Renaissance and the French Revolution. Special emphasis will be placed on the wars of religion, the revolution in European military practice, the emergence of national states, the structure and function of the absolutist monarchies and, especially, the wide-ranging impact of the Enlightenment.

HIST 306. History of the Modern Middle East. 3 Credits.

This course is an introduction to the history of the modern Middle East with an emphasis on the twentieth century. The first four weeks of the course will briefly cover the Ottoman history of the Middle East from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries, and the remaining weeks will introduce important topics relating to twentieth-century Middle Eastern history, such as the creation of nation-states, the Israel-Palestine conflict, authoritarian regimes, Islamist movements, and the Arab Uprisings.

HIST 307. Genocide and Racism. 3 Credits.

This course investigates the emergence of modern racism and its expression as genocide. In-depth examinations of the events in Armenia, Rwanda, Bosnia, East Timor, Cambodia, and Darfur complement an exploration of the German attempt to annihilate certain groups like the Jews during World War II. Recommended for Education majors to satisfy state education laws in New York and New Jersey that require the teaching of the Holocaust in all schools.

HIST 308. Premodern Women and Gender History. 3 Credits.

This course examines the history of women and gender in premodern Europe. Emphasis is on women's lives and experiences as well as representations of women constructed during the period. Topics include women's roles in religious communities, the family, the workforce, politics, and gendered representations of women in literary, legal, medical, and religious discussions. Special emphasis is on women's perceptions of their social and cultural lives, described in their own words.

HIST 312. Modern China 1839 - Now. 3 Credits.

The modern transformation of China, its values and institutions, resulting from the impact of the West and revolution.

HIST 313. Vietnam to the Philippines. 3 Credits.

Political, social, economic change, and the kaleidoscope of outside intervention in modern Southeast Asia since the founding of Singapore in 1819.

HIST 314. Modern Africa. 3 Credits.

This course introduces the multiple histories, diverse cultures and complicated geography of modern Africa. Three areas: modern-day Algeria; Ghana; and South Africa will serve as case studies in order to place continent-wide trends in their local contexts and to explore key historical events and developments from a consistent perspective that will illustrate change over time. This course will also emphasize the dynamic role of Africans in the events and processes that have shaped modern Africa.

HIST 318. Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. 3 Credits.

Political, economic, and cultural developments of the region, including the history of relations with the U.S.

HIST 319. The Crusades. 3 Credits.

The course examines the crusading energy of the High Middle Ages. Focus will be on the medieval imagination of the Latin West as Christendom and attacks on threats to that identity. Topics will include the strengthening of the papacy; the growth of chivalry; the history of Jerusalem and its crucial holy sites; relations between Christendom and the Byzantine Empire; the Islamic world; the Reconquista; the Albigensian Crusade; the rise of anti-Semitism; and the military orders.

HIST 320. History of Rome. 3 Credits.

This course examines the history of Rome from the city's foundation through the decline of its empire. Emphasis will be on the major political, social, military, and cultural developments of Rome's history.

HIST 321. Special Topics. 3 Credits.

An extensive study of a theme, problem, movement, or era in history.

HIST 322. Special Topics. 3 Credits.

An extensive study of a theme, problem, movement, or era in history.

HIST 325. The Byzantine Empire. 3 Credits.

The political, social, and cultural history of the Eastern Roman Empire from the fourth to the fifteenth centuries and its relations with Islam, the Latin West, and the Slavs.

HIST 326. Diplomatic History of Europe 1815-1914. 3 Credits.

The international relations among the European states from the Congress of Vienna through the era of Imperialism and the origins of the First World War.

HIST 328. Cold War Diplomacy in Asia. 3 Credits.

This course investigates Cold War diplomacy and international relations in the Asian context. Focus is not only on the politics and economics of international relations, but also on their interplay with societies, cultures and individuals. Topics include the Soviet-China split, the Korean War, the Vietnam wars, Nixonian diplomacy, and Japan's role as an aircraft carrier for American military bases.

HIST 334. Diplomatic History of the Vietnam Wars. 3 Credits.

This course explores the diplomatic history of the Vietnam Wars, approximately from 1945 to 1975. It treats these wars not as an American conflict, but as an international conflict between a multitude of actors, especially the Vietnamese themselves.

HIST 337. England to 1688. 3 Credits.

An overview of the history of the British Isles from antiquity to the Glorious Revolution. The creation of England as a unified kingdom with a centralized monarchy and its influence over Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Emphasis will be on the power and personalities of the monarch and the nobility as well as on the lives of ordinary people. Roman Britain, the Anglo-Saxon period, Norman conquest, Plantagenet Empire, Hundred Years War, Tudor and Stuart dynasties, Anglican Reformation, civil war, plague, constitutionalism, monasticism, and the universities.

HIST 347. The Sixties. 3 Credits.

This important, contentious era in the United States will be examined from various angles, from the various protest movements to the conservative reaction, from music and cultural flowering to presidential politics. All of this will be analyzed in relation to the various historical interpretations of the era.

HIST 348. Modern Japan. 3 Credits.

This course introduces the history of Japan from the late Tokugawa period to the present day. The political, economic, social, cultural, and national dimensions of historical change compose the course's central focus, but the concept of identity is also strongly emphasized.

HIST 351. Age Of The French Revolution. 3 Credits.

The course explores European history from the Enlightenment to the fall of Napoleon. The origins, course, and aftermath of the French Revolution will receive particular attention. Other themes include the Enlightenment, early industrialization, and the Napoleonic Empire.

HIST 352. Nineteenth-Century Europe. 3 Credits.

This course explores European history from the fall of Napoleon in 1815 to the start of World War I in 1914, with emphasis on the revolutions in 1830, 1848, and 1871, the acceleration of imperialism, nation-building, and the social transformations stemming from industrialization.

HIST 353. Modern Germany. 3 Credits.

The influence exercised in German history of the medieval empire, Luther, the Thirty Years War, Frederick the Great, and the Age of Revolution. A chronological treatment from 1848 to the present.

HIST 354. History of the Soviet Union. 3 Credits.

The course deals with the background, revolution, and establishment of the Soviet Union, focusing on both domestic developments and the role of the Soviet Union in world affairs. Special attention is given to the problems of continuity and change in Soviet policy between 1917 and 1991.

HIST 355. East Europe in Modern Times. 3 Credits.

A survey of the history of Eastern and Central Europe, the area between Germany and Russia, from the end of World War I to the present day. The countries of the region are examined both comparatively and individually to identify the economic, social, cultural, and national forces which have shaped their developments.

HIST 357. Nazi Germany and the Holocaust. 3 Credits.

This course explores the rise of the Nazis to power, their governance of Germany, their conquests, and their defeat. Special emphasis will be placed on the Nazis' treatment of various minorities. Their ideology and practical issues shaping the decisions and actions of both leaders and ordinary Germans will be examined. The Holocaust will be situated throughout in its contemporary context and understood through the eyes of perpetrators, victims, and bystanders.

HIST 358. The Industrial Revolution. 3 Credits.

This course examines the economic transformation known as the Industrial Revolution (1750-1850) from its roots in Western Europe to its later spread to other parts of Europe and then across the Atlantic Ocean primarily from the perspective of laboring people.

HIST 360. Women in the United States. 3 Credits.

This course will focus on the changing roles of women in American society from the 17th century to the present. Beginning with pre-industrial society and tracing women's experiences in agricultural, commercial, industrial, and post-industrial America, we will discover how women's roles have changed-and not changed-in the course of American history. In an historical context, the various experiences of women as housewives, mothers, consumers, workers, professionals, and citizens will be analyzed.

HIST 362. US Foreign Relations, 1900 to the Present. 3 Credits.

"The American Century." The rise of America to world power. Relations with other countries before, during, and between the world wars, in the Cold War, and in the post-Soviet era, including politics toward Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.

HIST 366. US Labor Patterns and Movement. 3 Credits.

This course analyzes the patterns of the US labor force and labor movements in the industrial age. Structural factors such as race, class, gender, geography and technology are considered along with the business and political contexts. The questions of individual agency on the part of labor leaders is also addressed.

HIST 368. Formation of U.S.Public Health. 3 Credits.

Beginning in the eighteenth century and continuing through the twenty-first century, this course will explore the formation of U.S. public health. It will examine how social, political, cultural, and economic factors have influenced responses to epidemic disease and the shaping of public health policies in the United States.

HIST 371. The American West. 3 Credits.

A survey of the region that has long captured people's imagination. Enduring themes such as cowboys and Indians as well as newer concerns such as the role of women and the rise of technology will be analyzed in light of historical evidence, both primary and secondary.

HIST 372. History in Public. 3 Credits.

This course is an introduction to how and why history is presented in public and the audience, funding, motivation, and ethics of this work. Course will include discussion of family and neighborhood history projects, monuments, history in museums and archives, and history on the Internet.

HIST 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts.

HIST 377. Science, Technology, and Society. 3 Credits.

This course explores major developments in both science and technology from the perspective of their social impact. Particular emphasis will be placed on industrialization and how science and technology affect society as a whole.

HIST 380. Sport and American Society. 3 Credits.

An interdisciplinary course on the history of American sport from the colonial era to the present. Special emphasis will be given to the economic, sociological, political, and psychological aspects of twentieth-century American sport.

HIST 381. Colonial and Revolutionary America to 1789. 3 Credits.

The political, economic, social, and cultural status of the British-American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century; the coming of the American Revolution; the problems of war and independence; the constitutional development of the new nation; the impact of the Revolution on all of the American people.

HIST 383. Civil War and Reconstruction. 3 Credits.

The causes of the Civil War: economic and political, legal and constitutional, ideological and moral. The great people, the great battles, and the great events. The results and the cost of the war, human and economic. Reconstruction, racism and segregation.

HIST 385. Modern America, 1930 to Present. 3 Credits.

The nation's domestic, political, social, and economic issues from the Great Depression of the 1930s to terrorism in 2001. The New Deal and the Fair Deal, the Home Front in World War II, Civil Rights and the Great Society, consensus in the 1950s and conflicts in the 1960s, the domestic cost of Vietnam, Watergate, and Reaganomics, the Information Revolution and the Clinton Paradox.

HIST 386. American Biography. 3 Credits.

Analysis of signal figures of both genders and of different racial/ethnic backgrounds from a variety of eras and fields, from business leaders and inventors to labor leaders and social reformers, from presidents to creative artists. Perennial questions that will be addressed include what constitutes a significant life and the relative roles in a life of one's personality and choices -- and of fate -- along with such structural factors as one's race, class, gender, geographic region and particular generation. Various biographical schools of thought will also be addressed, along with variations on biography, notably autobiography and memoir.

HIST 387. New York City and the American Urban Experience. 3 Credits.

The colonial and Revolutionary city, urban imperialism, the city in the American mind, immigration, social mobility, the rise of the ghetto, the impact of the New Deal, suburbanization, the modern metropolis, recent trends.

HIST 388. Women in Modern Europe. 3 Credits.

This course surveys the role of women in European society in the modern period. Special emphasis will be given to the articulation and evolution of the "women's question" and the impact of industrialization, political revolution, and war on gender roles. Drawing on the contemporary documents as well as secondary analyses, the course will provide a historical context for debates on women and gender that continue to the present day.

HIST 389. Gender and Sexuality in the Modern Middle East. 3 Credits.

This course will explore the role of gender and sexuality in modern Middle Eastern history. It will begin by examining gender and sexuality in Muslim societies under Ottoman rule and will then explore how gender and sexuality have been shaped by processes of colonialism, capitalism, nation-building, and middle-class formation. Special emphasis will be placed on how women in the Middle East have responded to these historical changes.

HIST 390. Terror and Terrorism. 3 Credits.

This course examines the major ideas and problems associated with terror and terrorism from the French Revolution to the present and considers the historical development and role of political violence both by and against the state in contemporary society.

HIST 391. Decolonization: The End of Empires. 3 Credits.

This course will explore the process of decolonization with an emphasis on the end of European empires and the agency of the colonized.

HIST 392. History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. 3 Credits.

This course will cover the origins, development and consequences of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Special emphasis will be placed on the effects that the conflict has had on people living in the region.

HIST 393. Global Feminisms. 3 Credits.

This course uses an intersectional lens to explore how and why feminist movements have emerged around the world in the modern era and how they have changed over time.

HIST 394. Diplomatic History of the Ottoman Empire. 3 Credits.

This course examines the diplomatic history of the Ottoman Empire from the late fifteenth century to its dissolution after World War I. The focus is on Ottoman relations with European and neighboring states.

HIST 415. Research in History. 3 Credits.

Supervised participation in research design, source collection, analysis, and interpretation in conjunction with ongoing research projects in history. Permission of the faculty mentor, the department chair, and the Dean of the School of Liberal Arts are required at the time of registration.

HIST 416. Research in History. 3 Credits.

Supervised participation in research design, source collection, analysis, and interpretation in conjunction with ongoing research projects in history. Permission of the faculty mentor, the department chair, and the Dean of the School of Liberal Arts are required at the time of registration.

HIST 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts.

HIST 490. Senior Seminar. 3 Credits.

An exploration of a specific historical theme through class discussion and student papers, with an emphasis on proper research methodologies and presentation. Intended for advanced history and social studies majors, but open to others with the permission of the chair. Prerequisite: HIST 200.

HIST 498. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

Supervised reading and research. Permission of Department Chair required.

International Studies Courses

INTL 201. Global Issues. 3 Credits.

This course highlights the interrelatedness of political, economic, ecological, and cultural events as they affect nations, regions, and the global community. The course is designed to illuminate the complex nature of world events and the nature of international studies.

INTL 310. Technology and Society. 3 Credits.

Technology and Society. How gadgets and techniques, hardware and software, interact with people for better and occasionally for worse, and how governments consider difficult trade-offs in their policy-making.

INTL 312. Ethnicity in the Modern World. 3 Credits.

Study of several sub-national and trans-national ethnic and cultural movements. Their impact on local governments and international relations.

INTL 313. Argentina:History,Society&Cult. 3 Credits.

This course will provide an advanced introduction to the political, social and cultural history of Argentina since the Spanish conquest to today.

INTL 315. Special Topics: Area Studies. 3 Credits.

Special Topics in Area Studies. Course description will be announced when courses are offered.

INTL 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. Open to majors only.

INTL 400. Study Abroad. 15 Credits.

INTL 405. Senior Seminar. 3 Credits.

A study of one specific international problem seen from the viewpoint of different disciplines. Student research and class discussions on the origins and nature of, and possible solutions to, the problem. Open to International Studies seniors and by permission of the Director.

INTL 450. Tutorial. 1-3 Credit.

A course of study for students with particular interdisciplinary research interests not covered in the college's offerings. Research under supervision of a faculty member. Written permission of the Director and the supervising professor has to be secured before registration. Majors only.

INTL 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. Open to majors only.

Irish/Modern Languages and Literatures Courses

IRI 101. Elementary Irish I. 3 Credits.

Study of the pronunciation and elements of Irish grammar, reading of simple texts, and oral practice. Three instructional hours plus one language laboratory hour per week.

IRI 102. Elementary Irish II. 3 Credits.

Study of the pronunciation and elements of Irish grammar, reading of simple texts, and oral practice. Three instructional hours plus one language laboratory hour per week. Prerequisite: IRI 101 or Placement by Department Chair.

Italian/Modern Languages and Literatures Courses

ITAL 101. Italian for Beginners I. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken Italian. The course also provides an introduction to Italian civilization and culture. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in Italian or with only one year of high school Italian.

ITAL 102. Italian for Beginners II. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken Italian. The course also provides an introduction to Italian civilization and culture. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in Italian or with only one year of high school Italian. Prerequisite: ITAL101 or Placement by Department Chair.

ITAL 201. Italian for Communication. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of Italian and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: ITAL 101 and ITAL 102 or two years of high school Italian.

ITAL 202. Italian for Communication II. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of Italian and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: ITAL 101 and ITAL 102 or two years of high school Italian.

ITAL 203. Writing Italian. 3 Credits.

Intensive practice of writing skills through the use of aural and written materials. Review of grammar. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: ITAL 202 or placement by MLL Department.

ITAL 204. Speaking Italian. 3 Credits.

Intensive practice in oral skills through extensive use of aural and written materials. Review of grammar. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisites: ITAL 203 or placement by MLL Department.

ITAL 216. Aspects of Italian Culture. 3 Credits.

An on-site study of different aspects of the political, socio-economic, and cultural life of Italy together with a survey of its artistic heritage. The course is offered in Italy during the summer.

ITAL 219. Keeping Italian Alive. 1 Credit.

A course designed to improve the student's command of Italian through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student or related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times.

ITAL 303. Italian Through Film. 3 Credits.

Italian language, history, and civilization are studied through the viewing and study of great films. Three instructional hours. The course is conducted in English and is open to all students. Prerequisite for Italian minors: ITAL 203 or ITAL 204 For credit, Italian minors must do all written work in Italian.

ITAL 304. Cinema of Italian Diaspora. 3 Credits.

This course will introduce students to the cinematic interpretation of Italian immigration in the United States and other parts of the world. The course material is divided in 3 parts to reflect the experience of Italian immigrants: the journey, the arrival, and the return. In so doing, this course will present a panorama of the movie industry’s interpretation of these 3 stages and facilitate an understanding of the microhistory, personal experience, and the stereotypes surrounding the image of the Italian immigrant. Students will be asked to participate in an analysis of parts of movies that we will watch in class as well as parts that will be assigned as homework. During the course, students will practice Italian language as well as review of grammar rules and sentence structure to advance written and oral skills in Italian.

ITAL 307. Advanced Grammar and Composition. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of the grammatical structures of Italian aimed at perfecting the student's oral and written command of the language.

ITAL 316. Aspects of Italian Culture. 3 Credits.

An on-site study of different aspects of the political, socio-economic, and cultural life of Italy together with a survey of its artistic heritage.

ITAL 318. Sociology of Diasporic Arts: African Descendants in a Modern Florence. 3 Credits.

This course proposes an interdisciplinary approach towards understanding the meaning of “diasporic art,” by comparing examples of artistic expressions by both European Italians as well as those of African descent, in Florence. When does art express migration and diverse experiences of culture and identity? When does an individual feel the urge to address displacement or to challenge ideas and social structures by means of art? When can we call a “hybrid” a work of art? What can art reveal about the history of immigration? Art as an expression of the contemporary world helps us to interpret the society in which we live. For this reason, this course will take advantage of our location in Florence and its key role in the development of modern visual arts. Visits to the museums of modern art in Florence, such as Palazzo Pitti- Gallery of Modern Art , Centro Pecci Prato, Museo Enrico Caruso, Franco Zeffirelli Cinema Museum, and Museo Novecento will be mandatory to attend. Student will have to post a critical response comment on this course’s forum for every museum visited.

ITAL 321. Italian Across the Curriculum. 1 Credit.

An advanced course designed to further develop the student's command of Italian through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times. Pre-requisite: Permission of MLL Chair.

ITAL 323. Special Topics in Italian. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a particular topic in Italian culture, literature or history. Permission of Department Chair.

ITAL 340. Medieval and Renaissance Italian Civilization. 3 Credits.

A study of the art, music, philosophy, and literature of Medieval Italy and its development into the Renaissance of Western Culture. Lectures, readings, and discussions in Italian.

ITAL 341. Contemporary Italian Civilization. 3 Credits.

The major issues affecting modern Italy are explored through art, music, film, philosophy, and literature, as well as through readings on its political, economic, and social reality. Lectures, readings, and discussions in Italian.

ITAL 350. Masterworks in Italian. 3 Credits.

A survey of the great writers and literary movements of Italian literature together with an introduction to the analysis of literary texts.

ITAL 420. Special Topics: in Italian. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a single author, genre, movement, or literary theme.

ITAL 427. Dante. 3 Credits.

In this course students will read, analyze, and discuss excerpts from Dante’s Vita Nova and the Divina Commedia alongside modern reinterpretations of Dante’s work in the arts, literature, cinema, and comics. Prerequisite: Permission of Department Chair.

ITAL 460. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

In consultation with instructor and approval of Chair.

Japanese/Modern Languages and Literatures Courses

JAPN 101. Elementary Japanese I. 3 Credits.

A course designed to introduce students to the sounds and script of Japanese, common phrases, and rudimentary grammar. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Japan. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice in 101, and five instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice in 102. For students with little or no background in Japanese.

JAPN 102. Introduction to Japanese II. 3 Credits.

A course designed to introduce students to the sounds and script of Japanese, common phrases, and rudimentary grammar. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Japan. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice in 101, and five instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice in 102. For students with little or no background in Japanese. Prerequisite: JAPN 101 or Placement by Department Chair.

JAPN 201. Intermediate Japanese I. 3 Credits.

Emphasis on vocabulary, grammar, syntax, conversation, and writing in Kanji and Kana. Three instructional hours and one hour of laboratory practice. Offered at Lehman College. Prerequisite: JAPN 101 and 102.

JAPN 202. Intermediate Japanese II. 3 Credits.

Emphasis on vocabulary, grammar, syntax, conversation, and writing in Kanji and Kana. Three instructional hours and one hour of laboratory practice. Offered at Lehman College. Prerequisite: JAPN 101 and JAPN 102.

JAPN 219. Keeping Japanese Alive. 1 Credit.

A course designed to improve the student's command of Japanese through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student or related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times. Prerequisite: Permission of MLL Chair.

JAPN 301. Advanced Japanese I. 3 Credits.

Review and extension of grammar and syntax through the discussion of magazine, newspaper and literary texts. Continued study of the appropriate use of Kanji and Kana. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Offered at Lehman College. Prerequisite: JAPN 201 and JAPN 202.

JAPN 302. Advanced Japanese II. 3 Credits.

Review and extension of grammar and syntax through the discussion of magazine, newspaper and literary texts. Continued study of the appropriate use of Kanji and Kana. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Offered at Lehman College.

JAPN 310. Comparative Grammar. 3 Credits.

JAPN 321. Japanese Across the Curriculum. 1 Credit.

An advanced course designed to further develop the student's command of Japanese through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times. Prerequisite: Permission of MLL Chair.

JAPN 357. Special Topics: in Japanese. 3 Credits.

JAPN 381. Tutorial. 3 Credits.

Labor Studies Courses

LABR 201. Labor Studies Colloquium. 3 Credits.

An interdisciplinary introduction to the nature, scope, and methodology of Labor Studies. Students will examine the problems and opportunities that a globalized economy poses for worker rights. Guest lectures by Labor Studies faculty members from the humanities and social sciences, business, and health services on specific topics and/or case studies. Site visits to select NYC historical landmarks such as Union Square, The Catholic Worker, and the site of the Triangle Fire.

LABR 301. Field Work. 3 Credits.

This course offers the student the opportunity to work with and observe a Social Movement Organization (SMO) that seeks justice for workers, consumers, tenants, and economically marginalized people of NYC and surrounding areas. Students will work with an organization for 6 hours per week, keep an intellectual diary of what was learned and experienced; and write a final paper on the SMO with which they worked. Permission of Director and placement through the Cooperative Education program.

LABR 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts.

LABR 401. Senior Seminar. 3 Credits.

An interdisciplinary analysis of the field of Labor Studies in light of the diverse courses students have taken in their course of study. Students will be required to write a senior thesis on a particular problem, opportunity, or personality in Labor Studies that serves as a capstone for their courses in Labor Studies. Available only to majors and minors by permission of Director.

LABR 410. Independent Study. 1-3 Credit.

Available for students who wish to conduct in-depth research on a special topic in Labor Studies under the supervision of a faculty mentor. Permission of Director.

LABR 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. Open to majors only.

Liberal Learning Courses

LLRN 102. Classical Origins: West Culture. 3 Credits.

A multidisciplinary exploration of Greek and Roman contributions to the heritage of western culture. Students examine classical history, science, philosophy, literature, and fine arts.

LLRN 107. Medieval Origins of West Culture. 3 Credits.

A multidisciplinary exploration of Europe during the Middle Ages, from the fourth through the fifteenth centuries. Students examine medieval history, fine arts, literature, philosophy, and religion.

LLRN 151. Classical Origins of Western Culture-FYS. 3 Credits.

A multidisciplinary exploration of Greek and Roman contributions to the heritage of western culture. Students examine classical history, science, philosophy, literature, and fine arts. First Year Seminar.

LLRN 300. Honors Seminar. 3 Credits.

Under the auspices of the Dean of Arts and the Coordinator of the Honor's Enrichment Program. Course description will be announced when courses are offered.

LLRN 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. Open to all students in the School of Arts. General elective credit only.

LLRN 401. Senior Seminar. 3 Credits.

Modern Languages and Literatures Courses

MLL 095. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

MLL 096. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

MLL 150. Modern Language and Literature:(FYS). 3 Credits.

First Year Seminar in Modern Language and Literature.

MLL 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Available in all languages taught by the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures. Students participate in a training experience related to their chosen language. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. General elective credit only.

Music Courses

MUSC 093. Music Elective. 3 Credits.

MUSC 101. Sound Studies Review 1. 1 Credit.

Introduction to the elements of journal editing. Students will be required to attend editorial workshops and show a high level of understanding of the pre-printing process. Upon completion of the workshops, students will be given the task of communicating with authors and publishers of books for review. By permission of instructor.

MUSC 102. Sound Studies Review 2. 1 Credit.

Advanced instruction in the elements of journal editing. Students will support the evaluation, editing, and pre-printing process of the journal and be granted access to work independently on an assigned issue, article, or review. Requires attendance at staff and editorial board meetings. By permission of instructor. Prerequisite: MUSC 101 or by permission of instructor.

MUSC 103. Sound Studies Review 3. 1 Credit.

A continuation of MUSC 102 with a greater level of independence on journal matters. Requires attendance at staff and editorial board meetings. Prerequisite: MUSC 102 or by permission of instructor.

MUSC 104. Sound Studies Review 4. 1 Credit.

A continuation of MUSC 103 with a greater level of independence on journal matters. Requires attendance at staff and editorial board meetings. Prerequisite: MUSC 103 or by permission of instructor.

MUSC 129. Beginning Vocal Instruction. 1 Credit.

The elements of vocal production, breathing, control and proper placement of the human voice. May be repeated or combined with ART 130 for a maximum of three credits.

MUSC 130. Advanced Vocal Instruction. 1 Credit.

Continuation of MUSC 129. Study of more advanced vocal literature. May be repeated or combined with MUSC 129 for a maximum of three credits. Prerequisite: MUSC 129 or permission of instructor.

MUSC 131. Manhattan College Singers. 1 Credit.

The study and performance of works for mixed vocal ensemble. May be repeated for credit. A public concert is given each term. The student must attend all rehearsals, sectionals, and the final performance for credit. Two hours a week. All students who participate in the ensemble for credit receive ten individual lessons from the director or an outside professional, which are graded for individual development, attendance, and artistic maturity.

MUSC 132. Manhattan College Orchestra. 1 Credit.

The study and performance of works for string and wind orchestra. May be repeated for credit. A public concert is given each term. A short audition is required. The student must attend all rehearsals, sectionals, and the final performance for credit. Two hours a week. All students who participate in the ensemble for credit receive ten individual lessons from the director or an outside professional, which are graded for individual development, attendance, and artistic maturity.

MUSC 133. Manhattan College Jazz Band. 1 Credit.

The study and performance of works for jazz ensemble. May be repeated for credit. A public concert is given each term. A short audition is required. The student must attend all rehearsals, sectionals, and the final performance for credit. Two hours a week. All students who participate in the ensemble for credit receive ten individual lessons from the director or an outside professional, which are graded for individual development, attendance, and artistic maturity.

MUSC 150. Roots: Music. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of major works of music from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world.

MUSC 151. Roots:Music-1st Year Seminar. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of major works of music from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world. First Year Seminar.

MUSC 208. Piano Skills and Techniques. 3 Credits.

A course for those with much, little or no previous experience designed to promote the understanding of different styles of music through the study of the piano The course includes instruction in piano technique, ear training, music theory, sight reading, and music composition. Students are required to practice and meet with a TA throughout the semester. All students participate in a joint recital at the end of the semester.

MUSC 209. Guitar Skills and Techniques. 3 Credits.

A course for those with much, little or no previous experience designed to promote the understanding of different styles of music through the study of the guitar. The course includes instruction in guitar technique, ear training, music theory, sight reading, and music composition. Students are required to practice and meet with a TA throughout the semester. All students participate in a joint recital at the end of the semester.

MUSC 216. Introduction to World Music. 3 Credits.

A select study of the world's musical traditions from regions in Africa, the Americas, the Middle East, and South and East Asia. Through listening and class discussion, students will become familiar with various forms of music making in their historical and cultural contexts.

MUSC 220. Fundamentals of Music Theory. 3 Credits.

A study of the rudiments of music and the basic principles of harmony. Topics include rhythm, musical notation, scales, key signatures, intervals, triads, seventh chords, harmonic function, harmonic progression, and elementary counterpoint. Activities include simple composition, harmonization, analysis, ear-training and dictation drills.

MUSC 240. Catholic Mass and its Music. 3 Credits.

A Catholic Studies course surveying the structure of the Roman Mass in relation to the major reforms and debates throughout the history of the Catholic faith, including the Church's transition during the Carolingian Renaissance, the Council of Trent, the Thirty-Years Was, the reforms of Pope Pius X, and the Second Vatican Council. Ultimately, students will engage in the role of music in faith formation and how the major reforms in the Church's history have influenced the worship music of today.

MUSC 258. Piano Skills & Techniques II. 3 Credits.

A continuation of MUSC208, students will study increasingly sophisticated piano works, further develop practice skills with metronome and finger technique, and integrate principles learned in fundamentals of music theory. The course will also explore use of the dynamic pedal (more complex than one may think) and tonalities created by its use. Pre-requisites: MUSC 208 and MUSC 220.

MUSC 259. Guitar Skills & Techniques II. 3 Credits.

A continuation of MUSC209, students will study increasingly sophisticated guitar works, further develop guitar fretboard placement beyond first position, both in tenns of sight-reading and chord movement, as well as integrate principles learned in fundamentals of music theory. Pre-requisite: MUSC 209.

MUSC 290. Early Music Soundscapes: Antiquity to 1800. 3 Credits.

The course explores the music and sounds of daily life from Ancient Greece to 1800. Each class will cover topics such as the acoustics of performance spaces, the mechanics of instruments, the responses by early listeners, performers, and theoreticians, and the role and function of sound in the everyday listening environment.

MUSC 300. History of Rock and Roll. 3 Credits.

Presents a thoughtful approach to the appreciation and understanding of the history of rock and roll. Students will be introduced to a variety of factors that influenced the creation of this music, including historical, social, philosophical, and aesthetic influences. The musician's intent, working conditions, and biographical factors will also be discussed as they pertain to the creative process. Students will reinforce and expand their analytical skills by reading about and discussing the various styles of music combined to create rock and roll, including blues, country, bluegrass, and gospel music.

MUSC 303. Rock & Pop Album Composition. 3 Credits.

Presents a semester-long study of a particular rock or pop album of historical significance to the world of American or British popular music. Past albums studied in the course include "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" (The Beatles, 1967), "Revolver" (The Beatles, 1966), "Abbey Road" (The Beatles, 1969), and "Tapestry" (Carole King, 1971). All students will be required to read music and have a general understanding of functional harmony and analysis. The analysis and discussion of each song on the album will culminate into a final performance by all members of the class with faculty from the Performing Arts Department and musicians from The Manhattan College Orchestra and The Manhattan College Jazz Band.

MUSC 305. Music in France: Paris. 3 Credits.

An on-site study of different aspects of the political, socio-economic, and cultural life of France as witnessed through the music of Paris and the surrounding region from Ancient Gaul to present-day France. The course is offered in France during the summer.

MUSC 308. Piano Skills & Techniques III. 3 Credits.

A continuation of MUSC258, students will study increasingly sophisticated piano works, further develop practice skills, and integrate principles learned in advanced music theory and digital audio recording and editing. The course will also work to develop skills in accompaniment and music collaboration within a studio environment. Pre-requisites: MUSC 258 or MUSC 320 or MUSC 390.

MUSC 309. Guitar Skills & Techniques III. 3 Credits.

A continuation of MUSC259, students will study increasingly sophisticated guitar works, further develop practice skills, and integrate principles learned in advanced music theory and digital audio recording and editing. The course will also work to develop skills in accompaniment and music collaboration within a studio environment. Pre-requisites: MUSC 258 or MUSC 320 or MUSC 390.

MUSC 310. History of the Broadway Musical. 3 Credits.

Presents the history of the Broadway musical within the larger context of staged musical productions, from the beginning of operetta to the current trends happening on Broadway today. The primary focus of study is the development of musical theater in New York City and its implications for the genre worldwide. Students will learn about various musical and theatrical concepts, as well as the political and socio-economic concerns of the Broadway musical of the past and of today. The opportunity for field study will be encouraged through backstage tours, attendance to current productions on Broadway, and lecture presentations at various theaters or other relevant locations in the city. Excursion Fee: $150.

MUSC 320. Advanced Music Theory. 3 Credits.

A study of the advanced principles of harmony, rhythm, and musical structure. In addition to Western music of the common practice period (1600-1900), contemporary vernacular styles, including blues, gospel, rock, jazz , and electronica, will be the primary focus for this course. Prerequisite: MUSC 220.

MUSC 323. Music & Romanticism. 3 Credits.

In the nineteenth century, U.S. and European composers explored music's potential to express deeper and more powerful emotions than any other time in Western history, including those of unconscious dream states. The old "Classical" musical structures (e.g., the music of Haydn and Mozart) began to crumble under the weight of this emphasis on feeling. Understanding how this came about will be one of the main objectives for this course. Although the primary focus of this course will be the rhetorical properties of sound, a reading knowledge of music is not necessary for success in the course.

MUSC 325. Modern Music & The Avant-Garde. 3 Credits.

This course presents an introduction to Modern music from the end of the 19th century to the present. Throughout the semester, we will examine the many artistic movements in modernisms wake, including impressionism, expressionism, American idealism, and others as well as the rise of the avant-garde and the development of computer-generated music. This course includes visits to Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.

MUSC 330. History of Jazz. 3 Credits.

This course investigates the evolution of jazz from its origins in late 19th-century New Orleans to its present-day manifestation as an international musical idiom. With emphasis on contextualization, specific focus is directed to the diverse but interconnected issues of race, culture, politics, commerce, and technology. Equal focus is directed to the music itself. Through the practice of critical listening, students will be conditioned to recognize various jazz styles and their constituent (musical) parts related to rhythm, improvisation, harmony, form, and instrumentation.

MUSC 345. Psychology of Music. 3 Credits.

Presents an overview of leading theories in the areas of music cognition, the perception of pitch, melody, harmony, and rhythm, the effect on emotion, the origins of music, and the nature of musical performance and composition. This course is designed to provide a working knowledge of the processes involved in listening to and creating music.

MUSC 355. Opera as Text: Perspectives on Italian Music, Drama & Society. 3 Credits.

This seminar course presents an introduction to Italian opera as an art form, a cultural source for national identity, and a genre that combines dramatic action with musical structure and political expression. The course is divided in three major sections: Mythology, Literature, and Modern Life. These sections will provide the context of our investigation of compositional trends, sociological influences, and aesthetic tendencies in the history of Italian opera, from the birth of the genre to today. Rather than survey the history of opera from about 1600 to the present, the course will focus primarily on a limited number of major Italian works to be studied in class.

MUSC 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts.

MUSC 380. History of Sound Recording & Audio Technology. 3 Credits.

Examines the history, culture, and aesthetics of music and technology as deployed in experimental and popular music from the 19th century to the present. The course includes an instrument lab to allow students a critical tactile understanding of various musical instruments in relation to sound production, texture, and timbre. Materials Fee: $75.

MUSC 390. Digital Audio Recording and Editing. 3 Credits.

An introduction to music and digital technology designed to help students gain familiarity with the language of music editing, recording, and production. Although the Apple-based program Logic will be the main software used for recording musical and other sonic schemes, ProTools, Finale, and GarageBand will also be used. Students will have access to Apple MacIntels, MIDI Controllers, Condenser Microphones, Monitor Speakers, Digital Pianos, and DigiDesign Mbox2 Sound Modules. Some minor musical knowledge is highly recommended. Materials Fee: $100.

MUSC 393. Audio Mixing & Music Prod. 3 Credits.

An advanced course designed to elevate students to a professional level of audio mixing and music production. The course will be taught in a Pro Too ls environment, while Logic Pro and Ableton Live will be used for post-production. Students will have access to Apple Maclntels, MIDI Controllers, Condenser Microphones, Monitor Speakers, Digital Pianos, and DigiDesign Sound Modules. Pre-requisites: MUSC 208 or MUSC 209 or MUSC 220 or MUSC 390. Materials Fee: $100.

MUSC 395. Acoustics & Sound Control. 3 Credits.

Examines the science and theory of acoustics via sound production and capture in various mediums and in various controlled spaces. This course is designed to introduce the fundamentals of acoustics, with a focus on sound capture and control for recorded music and live performance. Prerequisites: MATH 100 or MATH 151 or SCI 270. Materials Fee: $100.00.

MUSC 400. Special Topics: in Music. 3 Credits.

Special Topics: Music: "An intensive study of a single composer, genre, period, culture, or issue facing music scholarship today. The subject studied will vary from semester to semester. Previous special topic courses include "History of Opera," "Popular Music Criticism and Journalism," "Issues in Contemporary Popular Music," "Gender and Sexuality in Popular Music," and "Music of the Caribbean".".

MUSC 405. Senior Seminar: Contemporary Sound Design. 3 Credits.

The capstone course for the sound studies major. Students explore the contemporary theories within acoustic studies, sound recording, instrument construction, experimental music composition, architecture, and performance practice that are a necessary resource for sound designers and sound consultants today. Prerequisites: MUSC 380, MUSC 393, and MUSC 395.

MUSC 410. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

Individual study of a major composer or an aesthetic issue facing music scholarship today with a member of the department. Open only to students who secure the approval of the Chair of the Department and the consent of the individual instructor. A student may elect this course only once for credit towards the Minor in Music.

Peace Studies Courses

PEAC 201. Introduction to Peace and Justice Studies. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the nature, scope, and methodology of Peace and Justice Studies as well as explore some major contemporary problems which threaten peaceful and just relations between groups, nations or individuals.

PEAC 302. Special Topic. 3 Credits.

Course descriptions will be announced when courses are offered.

PEAC 401. Senior Seminar in Peace and Justice Studies. 3 Credits.

An in-depth interdisciplinary analysis of specific research and practical problems. Intended to help the student integrate the various courses he/she has taken in Peace and Justice Studies.

PEAC 421. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

Available for the Peace and Justice Studies student who wishes to conduct in-depth research on a specific topic in Peace and Justice Studies. May be used for the senior thesis.

PEAC 422. Independent Studies: Peace and Justice. 3 Credits.

Available for the Peace and Justice Studies student who wishes to conduct in-depth research on a specific topic in Peace and Justice Studies. May be used for the senior thesis.

PEAC 451. Peace and Justice Field Project. 3 Credits.

Practical, off-campus training in conflict resolution, mediation and arbitration, international diplomacy, and social justice projects. Specialized work at the American Arbitration Association, the United Nations, Educators for Social Responsibility, the American Friends Service Committee, Pax Christi, and other organizations involved in peace and social justice activities. International opportunities available.

PEAC 452. Peace and Justice Field Project. 3 Credits.

Practical, off-campus training in conflict resolution, mediation and arbitration, international diplomacy, and social justice projects. Specialized work at the American Arbitration Association, the United Nations, Educators for Social Responsibility, the American Friends Service Committee, Pax Christi, and other organizations involved in peace and social justice activities. International opportunities available.

PEAC 453. Community Engaged Learning. 3 Credits.

All community engaged learning (CEL) courses offered at Manhattan College will be cross-listed with PEAC 453. Peace and Justice Studies majors can take PEAC 453 to fulfill the “Field work, internship or community engaged learning course” major requirement.

PEAC 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Liberal Arts. Open to majors only.

Philosophy Courses

PHIL 150. Roots: Philosophy. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of selected philosophical texts and developments from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world. Not open to students who have completed PHIL 152 or PHIL 211.

PHIL 152. Roots of Modern Age: Philosophy - FYS. 3 Credits.

An intensive and critical examination of selected philosophical texts and developments from the medieval period to the present that contribute to an understanding of the modern world. Not open to students who have taken PHIL 150 or PHIL 211.

PHIL 201. Ethics. 3 Credits.

An introduction to moral decision making emphasizing the criteria used in assessing moral problems and dilemmas. Required of students in the School of Business.

PHIL 205. Environmental Ethics. 3 Credits.

This course considers the ethical and philosophical dimensions of the relationship between human beings and the natural world. What is an environment; and what, if any, are our moral obligations towards it? Do we have moral obligations to anything other than human beings? Does the environment itself have some intrinsic value? How do we balance sustainability and growth?.

PHIL 208. Ethics Bowl Debate I. 3 Credits.

Collaborative analysis and debate of real-life ethical cases that change annually. Develops critical thinking and oral advocacy skills alongside an understanding of ethical theory and rhetorical strategies. Students are given the opportunity to participate in the Intercollegiate Ethics Bowl debate tournament at the end of the semester.

PHIL 210. Faith and Reason. 3 Credits.

Focuses primarily on thinkers in the Catholic intellectual tradition, this course is guided by two hermeneutical principles. First, faith and reason are aspects of the human condition that are neither mutually exclusive nor inherently antagonistic. Second, faith and reason can be mutually illuminative and fruitfully conjoined in theory and process.

PHIL 211. Introduction to Philosophy. 3 Credits.

Introduction to topics in philosophy through an intensive and critical examination of selected philosophical texts and developments that contribute to an understanding of the modern world. Not open to students who have completed PHIL 150 or PHIL 152.

PHIL 213. Introduction to Logic. 3 Credits.

Fundamental principles of correct reasoning; logical validity; deductive argument; formal and informal fallacies; problems of semantics and definition; problem of induction and scientific method.

PHIL 214. Critical Thinking. 3 Credits.

Introduces the principles and techniques of critical thinking. Students will develop a set of concepts and techniques used to analyze and evaluate complex reasoning. Formal and informal fallacies will be studied, and students will develop their own arguments.

PHIL 215. Ancient Greek Philosophy. 3 Credits.

Examines the major theoretical and practical issues raised by the classical Greek Philosophers, especially the pre-Socratics, Plato, and Aristotle. Required for philosophy majors and minors.

PHIL 218. Philosophy & Literature. 3 Credits.

Two fundamental assumptions guide this course: first, all great literary works are inherently philosophical; second, great works of literature and great works of philosophy can complement one another in such a way as to deepen our understanding of both.

PHIL 220. Philosophy of Religion. 3 Credits.

Symbols and myths in religious experience; arguments for believing or not believing in God; the problem of evil; critiques of religion as projection, opiate or illusion.

PHIL 222. Aquinas. 3 Credits.

An investigation into the theological and philosophical thoughts of Aquinas, placed within the context of Scholastic Philosophy. Special attention will be paid to his use of Aristotelian Philosophy and its Muslim commentators, as well as his debt to Dionysius., Aquinas and critical thinking, and Aquinas’ place in Catholic intellectual history of will also be examined.

PHIL 228. Philosophy & Film. 3 Credits.

An exploration of the intersection of philosophy, one of the most ancient disciplines, and film, one of the youngest art forms. Through discussing the plots and imagery of films, we address such enduring philosophic issues as personal identity, moral decision making, and humanity's relationship to nature, technology, God, and time.

PHIL 230. Philosophy of Law. 3 Credits.

Theories of law; natural law versus legal positivism; legal paternalism; the right to privacy; legal reinforcement of moral standards; justice and fairness; legal responsibility; theories of punishment.

PHIL 236. Philosophy and Psychoanalysis. 3 Credits.

A concentration on selected major writings of Freud so as to achieve an understanding of the complexity of his thought before undertaking any kind of disciplined criticism in the light of oft-concealed philosophical presuppositions.

PHIL 238. Philosophies of War and Peace. 3 Credits.

Historical-conceptual consideration of war, peace, causes, and conditions of war and peace; social strife, racism, sexism, attitudes toward war and peace, peaceful coexistence, pacifism, nonviolence as techniques of struggle.

PHIL 251. Philosophers on Education. 3 Credits.

An examination of conflicting philosophies of education and their implications. Highly recommended for students in the School of Education and Health.

PHIL 271. American Political Thought. 3 Credits.

Analysis from original sources of major United States political and constitutional writers from colonial times to the present.

PHIL 274. Western Political Thought. 3 Credits.

Introduction to Western political theory through examining the written dialogue (between philosophers) which has contributed to what we know as the canon, on the state and society in the West.

PHIL 275. Political Philosophy. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the major theories and key questions that animate political philosophy: What is the source and nature of politics? How does politics relate to morality? What is the purpose of a state and how should it be constituted? How should we understand the relationships between individuals, communities, interest groups, and states? How is state power justified? What does the state owe its citizens, and what do citizens owe their states? Is there a virtue of good citizenship? What is democracy? How should states relate to other states? Political philosophy incorporates a wide variety of philosophical themes and areas, including but not limited to: Justice, rights, liberty, property, economics, feminism, religion, race, the environment, law, international relations, war, imperialism, colonialism and revolution.

PHIL 307. Metaphilosophy. 3 Credits.

Metaphilosophy (sometimes called the “Philosophy of Philosophy”) is the study of the nature of philosophy. In this course, students will explore several key metaphilosophical questions, such as: What is philosophy? How is philosophy done? How should philosophy be done? How do I become a philosopher? Why does philosophy matter? This course will investigate these questions via historical and contemporary texts from the Analytic, Continental, and Pragmatist traditions in philosophy.

PHIL 308. Ethics Bowl Debate II. 3 Credits.

Collaborative analysis and debate of real-life ethical cases that change annually. Develops critical thinking and oral advocacy skills alongside an understanding of ethical theory and rhetorical strategies. Students are given the opportunity to participate in the Intercollegiate Ethics Bowl debate tournament at the end of the semester. Prerequisite: PHIL 208 - Ethics Bowl Debate I.

PHIL 315. Medieval Philosophy. 3 Credits.

Medieval thought generated a variety of philosophical perspectives. To understand the distinctive character of the medieval philosophical pluralism, selected texts will be examined in Augustine, Boethius, Abelard, Anselm, Bonaventure, Aquinas, and Ockham.

PHIL 316. Modern Philosophy. 3 Credits.

Introduces the major texts, thinkers, and ideas of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century European philosophy. Texts by Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant will be studied from the perspective of their contributions to epistemology and metaphysics.

PHIL 320. Nineteenth-Century Philosophy. 3 Credits.

The nineteenth century was an extraordinarily rich period for philosophy when the influence of philosophers spread far beyond the academy. Many movements that began in philosophy during the nineteenth century, such as Marxism, Existentialism, and Pragmatism have continued to be influential. This course focuses on philosophers who were central to several important movements, for example, Hegel, Marx, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Willam James.

PHIL 325. Marx and Marxism. 3 Credits.

A study of the genesis and development of Marx's philosophy as a framework for understanding his theories of history and capitalism and his influence on modern thought and economic and social theories.

PHIL 330. American Philosophy. 3 Credits.

A critical analysis of pragmatism and the concept of experience through major figures in American Philosophy, for example, Peirce, James, Mead, Dewey, and Rorty.

PHIL 332. Africana Philosophy. 3 Credits.

A philosophy course introducing African philosophy, broadly construed. The course may cover traditional and contemporary African philosophy, Africana philosophy in the dispora, Afro-Caribbean philosophy, African constitutional philosophy and philosophy of law, decolonial philosophy, African feminist and queer philosophy, and the cross-pollination between African and African-American philosophy and political thought.

PHIL 334. Existentialism. 3 Credits.

An exploration of the major themes in the writings of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Camus, Beauvoir, Sartre, Weil and others, with emphasis on their religious, social, political and economic implications.

PHIL 335. 20th Century Philosophy. 3 Credits.

This course examines the remarkable variety of topics, philosophers, and movements in the twentieth-century, for example, analytic philosophy, neo-pragmatism, existentialism, and phenomenology. The course typically will emphasize different topics, philosophers, and movements each time it is offered.

PHIL 341. Global & Feminist Epistemologies. 3 Credits.

What does it mean to say you know something? How is knowledge shaped by the world around us? This course explores global and feminist analyses of the social dimension of knowledge in order to work towards a liberatory conception of what it means to be a knower in the 21st century.

PHIL 342. Chinese and Japanese Philosophies. 3 Credits.

The role of filial piety and ancestor worship in perpetuating familial and social continuity; the Confucian union of nature and culture in the harmonious man; the Taoist emphasis on privacy in the midst of an overstructured world; Legalism as the first coherent totalitarian political philosophy; the Japanese sense of beauty.

PHIL 350. Philosophers on Race, Class, and Gender. 3 Credits.

This course takes an intersectional approach to race, class, gender, and sexuality, drawing on contemporary philosophical frameworks to examine multidimensional forms of raced, gendered, classed, and heterosexist and cis oppression.

PHIL 352. Philosophers on Sex, Love, and Friendship. 3 Credits.

This course explores philosophies of sex, love, and friendship through a range of philosophical traditions, including feminist and queer theory, philosophy of law, and Western and global philosophy.

PHIL 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts.

PHIL 399. Topics: in Philosophy. 3 Credits.

A seminar on a single philosopher, topic, or period. The subject will vary from semester to semester. Open to non-majors as well as majors.

PHIL 401. Philosophy Seminar. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of an important philosopher, tradition, question, or area of philosophical research. Students will conduct independent research and complete a capstone project. Only open to philosophy majors and minors in their senior year who have completed two 200- or 300-level courses in Philosophy. Required for Philosophy majors. Some juniors majoring in Philosophy may be admitted with the Chair's approval. May be repeated.

PHIL 420. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

Individual study of a philosopher or topic area with a member of the department. Open only to students majoring in philosophy who meet the requirements set by the chair of the department and who secure the consent of the individual instructor.

PHIL 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. Open to majors only.

Psychology Courses

PSYC 150. Roots: Psychology. 3 Credits.

Roots: Psychology provides students with a critical examination of the field of psychology, which concerns itself with the scientific study of the brain, mind, and behavior. This course provides a general overview of the science of psychology by introducing basic principles, theories, research, and scientific techniques that psychologists use to describe, explain, predict, and change human behavior and mental processes.  The course surveys selected concepts, such as development; memory; learning; attention; cognitive and biological foundations; personality; social  psychology; and mental health. (Only open to Liberal Arts and Science students; Not open to students who have taken PSYC 153 or PSYC 203).

PSYC 153. Roots: Psychology - FYS. 3 Credits.

Roots: Psychology provides students with a critical examination of the field of psychology, which concerns itself with the scientific study of the brain, mind, and behavior. This course provides a general overview of the science of psychology by introducing basic principles, theories, research, and scientific techniques that psychologists use to describe, explain, predict, and change human behavior and mental processes. The First Year Seminar  (FYS) version of Roots: Psychology uses a particular theme as a starting point to examine selected concepts, such as development; memory;  learning; attention; cognitive and biological foundations; personality; social psychology; and mental health; and focuses on honing critical writing skills.(FYS courses are restricted to first-year students only; Not open to students who have taken PSYC 150 or PSYC 203).

PSYC 203. Introduction to Psychology. 3 Credits.

Introduction to Psychology provides a critical examination of the field of psychology, which concerns itself with the scientific study of the brain, mind, and behavior. This course provides a general overview of the science of psychology by introducing basic principles, theories, research, and scientific techniques that psychologists use to describe, explain, predict, and change human behavior and mental processes. The course surveys selected concepts, such as development; memory; learning; personality; social psychology; and mental health. (Not open to students who have taken PSYC 150 or PSYC 153).

PSYC 214. Statistics and Research Methods I. 3 Credits.

This course explores the research methodologies, statistical concepts, and procedures employed to create and test psychological theory. This course will emphasize an integration of introductory method topics and statistical procedures, including descriptive and correlation-based statistics, natural observation, and survey design. You will learn about psychological methods in lecture, discussion, and through hands-on practice. You will design and conduct research, analyze and interpret data both by hand and using SPSS, review research literature, and prepare APA-style reports. This course is required for all Psychology majors in the School of Liberal Arts, and is a prerequisite to PSYC 314. Prerequisite: PSYC 150 or PSYC 153 or PSYC 203.

PSYC 216. Behavior Modification. 3 Credits.

A survey of the principles of learning as applied to selected problems of behavior.

PSYC 257. Forensic Psychology. 3 Credits.

An analysis of psychological causes of criminal behavior. Topics include antisocial personality, neuropsychological components of criminality, and the interface between psychology and law in areas such as jury selection, sentencing, the insanity plea, eyewitness testimony, and psychiatric evaluation of defendants.

PSYC 302. Psychological Testing. 3 Credits.

This course provides a survey of various assessment measures that are available to psychologists, teaches students to think critically about the extent to which these tests accurately measure the attributes they purport to measure, offers an understanding of how these tests were developed, and provides students the opportunity   to develop a psychological measure of your own. Intelligence, achievement, aptitude, and objective/subjective personality assessment will be covered. We also discuss how the clinical interview can be used as an assessment tool, and discuss issues relating to test selection, administration, construction, and use in applied settings. Students also learn to compute and interpret several statistical procedures that are used in the development of a psychological    measure, including reliability and validity coefficients, and factor analysis. Note that students will NOT be trained to do clinical interpretations.  Prerequisite: PSYC 214.

PSYC 310. Psychology of Developmental Disorders and Delays. 3 Credits.

This course provides an overview of developmental disorders, delays, and psychopathology among children. The course will emphasize assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Students may be expected to perform field activities and child observations.

PSYC 314. Statistics and Research Methods II. 3 Credits.

This course continues exploring the research methodologies, statistical concepts, and procedures employed to create and test psychological theory. This course will emphasize an integration of method topics and statistical procedures, including hypothesis testing using t-test and ANOVA, and experimental design. You will learn about psychological methods in lecture, discussion, and through hands-on practice. You will design and conduct research, analyze and interpret data both by hand and using SPSS, review research literature, and prepare APA-style reports. This course is required for all Psychology majors in the School of Liberal Arts, and is a prerequisite to 414 Prerequisite: PSYC 214.

PSYC 316. Issues Affecting Todays Youth. 3 Credits.

An overview of issues affecting psychological, physical, intellectual, and social development in today's youth. Empirical and theoretical foundations of these issues and the impact on development will be emphasized. Implications for parenting, education, prevention and intervention will be addressed; appropriate for anyone interested in the issues of modern day youth.

PSYC 321. Social Psychology. 3 Credits.

A study of the processes by which the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings of the individual are influenced by his/her social environment. Topics include: social perception and attribution, attitude development and change; interpersonal attraction and interpersonal relations such as friendship.

PSYC 327. Interviewing and Counseling. 3 Credits.

Indepth exploration of techniques for establishing a stable working relationship with a client; examination of prominent contemporary approaches to interviewing and counseling from theoretical and practical standpoints.

PSYC 330. Special Topic: in Psychology. 3 Credits.

New course offerings in any area of psychology. Descriptions of specific topics will be posted in the psychology department. Specific requirements will depend upon the topic.

PSYC 332. Artificial Psychology. 3 Credits.

What is it that makes us human? In this course we pursue the answer to this question by examining consciousness, free will, creativity and other cognitive capacities. We investigate whether these can be implemented artificially using technological means. We adopt an interdisciplinary approach using perspectives from artificial intelligence, robotics, neuroscience, evolution, psychology and philosophy.

PSYC 333. Motivation and Emotion. 3 Credits.

This course investigates why we do what we do. The course takes a multiperspective approach (evolutionary, biological, environmental, and cognitive) to examine why organisms engage in certain behaviors and the extent to which they persist at a behavior. Further, the course examines the  important role that emotions play in understanding why people choose and maintain behaviors.".

PSYC 334. Lifespan Development. 3 Credits.

The course examines the developmental processes that shape our lives from conception to death. We will explore the ways biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional influences systematically interact to shape the lifespan. Some topics covered include gene-environment interactions, social relationships, personal identify, resilience, and longevity.

PSYC 340. Cognition and Learning. 3 Credits.

This course examines the concept of the mind and mental processes using theoretical and empirical perspectives. Students learn about different mental activities such as perception, attention, learning, memory, and problem solving, discuss how these cognitive processes are studied, and consider how they apply to our experiences.".

PSYC 341. Health Psychology. 3 Credits.

This course offers an interdisciplinary exploration of how psychological processes are related to physical health behaviors and outcomes. This area of psychology seeks to determine and implement ways to improve individuals’ physical, mental, and social world, with the hope of maximizing quality of life in a variety of domains. Common topics include psychological analysis of health-promoting and health compromising behaviors; and psychobiological and psychosocial perspectives on stress, pain management, chronic illness, terminal illness, eating pathologies, cardiovascular disease, and alcohol, tobacco, and drug use.

PSYC 342. Psychology of Family Relationships. 3 Credits.

This course provides an overview of modern perspectives and psychological research on the family. The course investigates a fundamental               description of family as well as familial issues across the lifespan, guided by historic and contemporary perspectives. Throughout the course, we use  family stories to examine the psychology of the family.".

PSYC 343. Psychology of Women. 3 Credits.

The major objective of this course is to develop an understanding of and critical thinking about the psychology of women. Topics unique to women's lives, such as menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and motherhood, will be explored. Additional topics including gender and sexual development, work roles, abuse, violence, and body image will be analyzed.

PSYC 345. Psychology of Childhood. 3 Credits.

This course emphasizes the developing child, from the point of conception until adolescence. Particular attention is paid to the major transitions and crises that occur during this time period. Various psychological theories and research studies in the areas of physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development are studied, highlighting the assumptions of the life span developmental approach.".

PSYC 346. Psychology of Adolescence. 3 Credits.

Adolescence is a period of great transition marked with both triumph and tribulation. This class provides students with an understanding of the period between childhood and adulthood known as adolescence, and examines biological, cognitive, self, and social transitions during this important period of life.

PSYC 347. Theories of Personality. 3 Credits.

Using scientific reasoning and research as clues, this course explores several major mysteries in the scientific quest to understand what makes a      person themselves, and why people do what they do. The course investigates core questions, such as: Does personality predict what people do, and how their lives will turn out? Do others know more about your personality than you? How do personalities develop? Can personalities be disordered? What is personality, anyway? Do we even have personalities? Can we know someone else's personality? How can we use science to understand personality?".

PSYC 348. Cultural Psychology. 3 Credits.

Cultural psychology takes the position that broad human similarities exist, but that there is also vast psychological variation that is observed across human groups. In this course, we consider current theories and empirical research on culture, race, and ethnicity and examine evidence suggesting the psychological processes are culture-and context-dependent.

PSYC 360. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

This course is designed to allow psychology majors to pursue an area of special interest in psychology. Students must present a preparatory outline to qualify. Permission of the faculty mentor, department chair, and the Dean of the School of Arts are required at the time of registration.

PSYC 373. Industrial Psychology. 3 Credits.

This course explores the application of psychological principles and methods to the study of individuals and groups in the workplace. Topics include personnel selection, performance appraisal, training, and employment law. Students who take this course are also encouraged to take PSYC 374.".

PSYC 374. Organizational Psychology. 3 Credits.

This course provides an analysis of human behavior in organizations. Topics include organizational culture, motivation, job satisfaction, management styles, and problems in human relations, and leadership. Students who take this course are also encouraged to take PSYC 373.".

PSYC 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. Offered fall semester.

PSYC 414. Senior Capstone: Advanced Research Methods. 3 Credits.

The senior capstone seminar is an opportunity to conceptualize and execute an independent research project. This course emphasizes an integration of advanced method topics and statistical procedures through experimental designs with 2 independent variables and factorial ANOVA. The independent project includes reviewing the literature; designing an independent research study; and collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data, which culminates in an APA style research paper, oral presentation, and scientific poster presentation.  All students are expected to participate in the annual poster session held in May. This course is required for all senior Psychology majors in the School of Liberal Arts. Prerequisite: PSYC 314.".

PSYC 421. Psychopathology. 3 Credits.

This course offers an exploration into some of the major diagnostic categories and specific psychological disorders affecting humankind, such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and eating disorders. The course further emphasizes epidemiological factors, etiology, symptomatology, maintaining factors, pathological processes, and evidence-based treatment. Additional attention is given to differential diagnosis and comorbidities among disorders. Students also receive an introduction to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).

PSYC 429. Research in Psychology. 3 Credits.

Supervised participation in research design, data collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of results in conjunction with ongoing research projects in psychology. Permission of the faculty mentor and the department chair are required at the time of registration.

PSYC 430. Research in Psychology. 3 Credits.

Supervised participation in research design, data collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of results in conjunction with ongoing research projects in psychology. Permission of the faculty mentor and the department chair are required at the time of registration.

PSYC 435. Physiological Psychology. 3 Credits.

This course explores the biological factors underlying behavior and mental processes. Students learn about the anatomy and functions of the brain and nervous system and how changes in activity connect with the resulting thoughts, emotions, and behavior, in addition to health-related issues and psychological disorders.".

PSYC 437. Contemporary Psychotherapy. 3 Credits.

Contemporary forms of psychotherapy are discussed and critically evaluated including psychoanalysis, behaviorism, Gestalt, and humanistic therapies.

PSYC 460. Independent Study. 1-3 Credit.

This course is designed to allow psychology majors to pursue an area of special interest in psychology. Students must present a preparatory outline to qualify. Permission of the faculty mentor, department chair, and the Dean of the School of Arts are required at the time of registration.

PSYC 467. Sensation and Perception. 3 Credits.

This course focuses on the psychological study of the relationship between the external world and our internal experience. The primary goals are to examine the anatomy and physiology of the sensory systems, reveal the common methods used to investigate these systems, and discuss the phenomenal (subjective experience) issues surrounding questions of perception through various sensory illusions.  Not open to students who have completed PSYC 367.".

PSYC 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. Offered spring semester.

Religious Studies Courses

RELS 110. The Nature and Experience of Religion. 3 Credits.

This course is an introduction to religion as a human phenomenon and its transcendent elements, including contemporary approaches to the problem of religious beliefs and faith, a study of the problems of religious language, myth, symbolism and ritual, and the relations between religion and contemporary culture.

RELS 152. Nature & Experience of Religion-FYS. 3 Credits.

This course is an introduction to religion as a human phenomenon and its transcendent elements, including contemporary approaches to the problem of religious beliefs and faith, a study of the problems of religious language, myth, symbolism and ritual, and the relations between religion and contemporary culture. The course follows a learning-through-writing approach.

RELS 161. The Nature and Experience of Religion: Veterans' Stress Reduction Program. 3 Credits.

Religion as a human phenomenon and its transcendent elements. Contemporary approaches to the problem of religious beliefs and faith. A study of the problems of religious language, myth, symbolism and ritual. The relations between religion and culture with special reference to contemporary questions. Offered every semester specifically for Veterans' Stress Reduction Program.

RELS 200. Special Topic: in Religion. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of one topic in Catholic Studies. The subject will vary from semester to semester. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 202. U.S. Latino/A Catholicism. 3 Credits.

This course explores the phenomenon of U.S. Latino/a Catholicism through an investigation of its history, figures, themes, and current controversies. It examines how Latino/a theology articulates itself as an explicitly contextual theology that accounts for the role of popular religiosity and devotion, race, class, and gender in its thought. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 204. Religion and Social Justice. 3 Credits.

A study of the role of Catholic social movements in the economic, political, and cultural life of New York as interpreted through biblical insight and Roman Catholic social teaching. Topics include charities, the Catholic Worker, labor issues, Wall Street, inner-city churches, and the United Nations. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 205. Urban America and Catholic Social Teaching. 3 Credits.

This is an interdisciplinary, service-learning course based upon sociological, political science, and economic analysis of urban poverty. These methods, combined with reflections on Catholic social teaching, provide the framework for student-volunteer work at various Bronx-based community organizations. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 206. Understanding the Bible. 3 Credits.

A study of how the Bible was formed and how to read it, including the use of historical and critical methods to examine texts, authorship, literary forms, and transmission through manuscripts and translations. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 207. Central Themes New Testament. 3 Credits.

This course is an historical study of the development of the Christian scriptures. Topics include the history of the earliest Christian communities, the unique messages of the evangelists, and some of the methods used to understand their writings. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 209. Paul. 3 Credits.

This course is an exploration of the earliest Christian writings and of the personality and theology of Christianity’s most influential preacher. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 210. Jesus. 3 Credits.

An examination of the historical Jesus based upon recent critical scholarship of the New Testament. Topics include the life of Jesus, the role of Jesus in historical Christianity, and the implications of an historical approach for a contemporary Christology. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 212. Catholic Traditions of Spain. 3 Credits.

An on-site experience based in and around Spain's capital region as part of the Manhattan-in-Madrid study abroad program. Through a combination of classroom meetings and directed excursions, the course explores the foundational but diverse presence of Catholicism in the history of Spain as well as in its contemporary culture. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 214. Dante. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the theological thought of the great medieval poet, Dante Alighieri. Careful attention will be paid to The New Life and Inferno, as well as to Dante's political thought. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 216. Saints and Catholic Imagination. 3 Credits.

The course examines the function of holy men and women within their religious traditions and their ethical perspectives on the contemporary world. Included will be a study of the cult of Saints, hagiography, and Saints of our own time. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 218. The Bible & Film. 3 Credits.

This course will consider the historical and literary aspects of selected biblical narratives, as well as their interpretations in contemporary film. It will also discuss biblical themes, expressions, terms, and types that have become part of American culture and are sources used by the writers and directors. This course focuses primarily on film as a form of the long history of biblical interpretation, not on film theory. Prerequisites: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 219. Self and Other. 3 Credits.

This course is a study of human existence through scripture, classical church doctrines, and contemporary theology and philosophy. Many of the issues explored in this course intersect with questions of difference, including religious conflict and diversity; race, gender, and environmental degradation; and the impact of electronic technology on interpersonal relationships. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 220. Vatican II. 3 Credits.

This course investigates the history, context, major figures, and varied themes of the Second Vatican Council. It examines the conciliar documents and the circumstances that surrounded their production in an effort to understand some of the complexity of contemporary Catholicism. The course will also consider the major conciliar documents as they relate to matters that deal with the Church itself, with the relationship of the Church to the world, and with the relationship of the Church to other religious traditions. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 222. Aquinas. 3 Credits.

An investigation into the theological and philosophical thoughts of Aquinas, placed within the context of Scholastic Philosophy. Special attention will be paid to his use of Aristotelian Philosophy and its Muslim commentators, as well as his debt to Dionysius., Aquinas and critical thinking, and Aquinas’ place in Catholic intellectual history of will also be examined.

RELS 225. Contemporary Catholicism. 3 Credits.

An exploration of the spirit, development, and new insights of the Catholic Church in the post-Vatican II era. Doctrinal, moral, ecumenical, and social questions will be examined. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 226. Contemporary Catholic Theologians. 3 Credits.

An analysis of the theological presuppositions of contemporary authors; including the methodology of research (hermeneutics) as a basis for modern thinking about Catholicism and the role of human and psychological premises underlying understanding of the mystery of Christ. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 227. The Gospel of John. 3 Credits.

A study of one of the most sophisticated voices in the early Church and the forces that shaped that Church. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 233. Contemporary Christian Ethics. 3 Credits.

This course engages new approaches to biblical and church authority in contemporary Christian Ethics. Topics include new options in systematic ethics (models, method, moral absolutes, and exceptions), and sin and conscience in contemporary ethical thought. The theoretical material will be illustrated by concrete reference to specific moral issues. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 238. Theologies Of Liberation. 3 Credits.

An examination of the theologies of liberation in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and among Afro-Americans and women in the United States. Topics include dialogue among these groups, the responses of first-world theologians, the relation between religion and politics, and the place of activism in the life of a religious person. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 244. The Catholic Mystics. 3 Credits.

A study of the mystical experience, in both its theory and practice, through the lives and writings of the great Christian mystics, past and present. Ample exposure to primary sources and field trips to mystical and contemplative centers constitute the core of this course. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 245. Medieval Christian Thought. 3 Credits.

A study of the history of Christian thought concerning the nature of humanity and the universe from Augustine through the Scholastics to the eve of the Reformation. Medieval political, theological, liturgical, and artistic expressions of Christendom will be examined. Includes a field trip. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 254. Catholic Social Teaching. 3 Credits.

A theological and ethical investigation of selected moral problems of our time, such as truth in government, violence, economic injustice, and racism, in addition to other moral issues. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 255. Introduction to Peace and Justice Studies. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the nature, scope, and methodology of Peace and Justice Studies as well as an exploration of some major contemporary problems that threaten peaceful and just relations between groups, nations or individuals. Prerequisites: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 256. Catholic Mass and Its Music. 3 Credits.

The course explores the structure of the Roman Mass, the role of music in faith formation, the major reforms in the Church's history; their cause and results, and the musical culture of the Church following the Second Vatican Council. Students will demonstrate understanding of Catholicism, including its worldview, ethics, history, text, and/or intercultural relations historically and at present. Pre-requisite RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 300. Special Topic. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a particular religious tradition or topic from within the fields of global studies or contemporary culture. The subject will vary from semester to semester. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 302. Religion and Spanish Culture. 3 Credits.

An on-site experience based in and around Spain's capital region as part of the Manhattan-in-Madrid study abroad program. Through a combination of classroom meetings and directed excursions, the course explores the complex but foundational role of religion in the history of Spain as well as in its contemporary culture. Particular topics as well as course structure (semester-long or two-week intensive) may vary across offerings. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 306. Central Themes in the Hebrew Scriptures. 3 Credits.

This course explores important themes in the Hebrew Bible (known to Christians as the Old Testament) through analysis of religious, archaeological, literary and historical courses. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 310. Religion & The Holocaust. 3 Credits.

This course explores the question of faith post-holocaust, and the moral lessons that can be learned from the Shoah. Using theological and political approaches, the course will analyze the impact of the Holocaust (1938-1945) on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in terms of philosophy-theology, subsequent placement in Western society, and the effect that the Holocaust has had on Western and Global society. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 312. Muslims in America. 3 Credits.

Examines the role of Muslims in American life after the 9/11 destruction of the World Trade Center. The course examines the origins of Islam in the United States, the ethnic and religious diversity of American Muslims, conflicts about gender relations and women's issues, contemporary debates about Islam's role in the public sphere, and the spirituality of American Muslims. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 314. Hinduism. 3 Credits.

Hinduism is one of the world's oldest major religions and one of the world's newest major religions; its name barely 300 years old. So, it it old or is it new? What is Hinduism and who defines it will be the central questions that this course will investigate. Prerequisites: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 316. Shakespeare in the Prison. 3 Credits.

In this course we will explore dimensions of the most important ethical issues in the area of criminal justice through an analysis of plays by William Shakespeare and a selection of articles in the disciplines of criminal justice and theology. It will show how the social sciences and the humanities can help us focus creatively and humanely on the significant challenges we face as a society in our current practice of incarceration and punishment. Prerequisite: RELS 110.

RELS 318. Womanist Visions of Justice. 3 Credits.

Interrogating the nature of justice in America and its Christian theological foundations, this course explores American injustice as a religious problem and the implications of categories of race, gender and class on perceptions of guilt, innocence, worth, humanity, solidarity and love through the precarious position of black women in American political institutions, criminal justice, economic policies and the like. Students will analyze contemporary case studies alongside womanist responses to these phenomena and how they might be incorporated into an ethic of solidarity and justice for America writ large. Prerequisite: RELS 110.

RELS 320. Race, Religion & Resistance. 3 Credits.

This course is an examination of race and its intersection with theology and philosophy of religion, and contemporary and historic social justice movements in America, particularly as it informs the creation of the innovative and contemporary expression of Christian theology known as Black Theology. As a formal theology, Black theology emerged in America during the Civil Rights Movement as a response to traditional Protestant and Catholic Christianity’s inability to address the problem of racial oppression and injustice in America. It has since spawned and informed other forms of liberation theology and resistance movements around the world, like Womanism, Minjung, South African Black Consciousness, Muslim Womanism, and Native American Liberation theology.

RELS 321. Psychology & Religion. 3 Credits.

n examination of ways in which psychology has both broadened and challenged the understanding of religion; study of such topics as self, psyche, symbolism, psychotherapy, and spiritual methods. Pre-requisite :RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 323. Womanist Ethics. 3 Credits.

This class will explore the particularities of black women’s historical and contemporary moral situation, as well as offer an introduction into the sources, methodologies and aims of womanist (black women’s) ethics as a practice of survival. Prerequisite: RELS 110.

RELS 324. Muslims & the Holocaust. 3 Credits.

This class explores the role that Muslims played during the Holocaust, with special attention to North Africa. The class describes how the Holocaust intersects with colonialism and narratives about Jews and Muslims. Prerequisite: RELS 110.

RELS 328. FutureProofing Humanity. 3 Credits.

The fear of human extinction and the promise of radical salvation through technology intertwine in a religious worldview unique to the contemporary world. We will explore this worldview and discuss the political and social implications of transferring our religious impulses and hope of salvation into technological forecasting.

RELS 336. Native American Religions. 3 Credits.

A study of the principal rites, stories, and religious symbols of the indigenous communities of North America through the study of selected tribes or nations. Various research approaches and popular media portrayal of the "Indians" will also be discussed. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 337. The American Religious Experience. 3 Credits.

A survey of the rich history as well as varied landscape of religion in the United States. Considerations include the notable variety of traditions new and old in addition to recurring patterns of an enduring “civil religion” at work in American culture. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 341. Judaism. 3 Credits.

An introductory survey of post-biblical Judaism. Topics include rabbinic texts and the emergence of rabbinic Judaism, Jewish holidays and practices, contemporary Judaism, and the religious aspects of the nation of Israel. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 342. Islam and Politics. 3 Credits.

An investigation into the relationship between religious and political thought of the peoples of Islam. Selected Quranic texts and Hadiths will be studied for their political content. The history of political Islam and the contemporary Islamic scene throughout the world will be featured elements of the course. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 349. Women and Islam. 3 Credits.

This course explores the appearance and oppression of Muslim women that have been the focus of intense and polemical debate in the Muslim world. In Muslim societies and in Western media the image of Muslim women has been taken as a focal example of the perceived failings of the Islamic tradition. We will examine the complexity of the messages relating to gender in Islamic societies and the Qur'an. Prerequisites: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 351. God And Evil. 3 Credits.

Who is God? Why is there evil in the world? The course will explore these fundamental religious questions by examining the relationship between differing concepts of God and evil. Course material will include classical texts and contemporary Jewish, Christian, and Pagan writings. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 354. Buddhism: Its Development and Interpretation. 3 Credits.

A study of the principles of Buddhist thought together with a reading of various Theravada and Mahayana texts. The course will address problems of philosophical interpretation, historical development and cultural transformation. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 355. Islam. 3 Credits.

An introductory survey of the origins and religious teachings of Islam, with special attention to the Islamic views of providence, revelation, worship, and moral obedience. Community, social justice, and revolutionary thought in the contemporary Islamic world will also be discussed. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 357. Religions of China & East Asia. 3 Credits.

A survey of the religious traditions of the cultures of the Far East. Examines Confucianism, Taoism, and Far Eastern forms of Buddhism as well as the cultural background, beliefs, practices, art, and literature of these religions. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 358. Religions of India. 3 Credits.

A survey of the religions that began in India: Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. Traces the historical development of these religions from the time of the Vedas to Mahatma Gandhi. The survey will focus on the religious beliefs, practices, and literature of these different groups. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 359. Afro-Caribbean Religions. 3 Credits.

An interdisciplinary survey of major creole traditions—including Santeria, Vodun, Rastafari, and Obeah—that developed through the unique encounter of West African, Christian, Native American, and Asian elements in the plantation societies of the Caribbean. A critical assessment of the cosmologies, rituals, and theologies of these traditions, as well as their implications for enhancing the academic study of religion, forms the focus of the course. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 362. Ethics in the Workplace. 3 Credits.

An investigation of the ethical challenges, from the personal to the global, that arise in the context of the workplace. Texts will feature case studies and analysis of issues ranging from honesty and fidelity to consumption patterns, organizational structure, and corporate ethos. Students will be introduced to theories in both philosophical and theological ethics that will provide critical tools to help determine a coherent and defensible ethic for their working lives. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 366. Religion and Contemporary Art. 3 Credits.

A study of the ways in which contemporary artists explore sacred themes, such as the construction of utopia, the development of community, and the search for transcendence. The course follows various artists and movements of the 20th and 21st centuries, and the ways in which they reflect upon modern religious life. The course shows how the sacred has remained a relevant concern for artists from modern to postmodern art. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 367. The Bible In American Culture. 3 Credits.

This course considers the place of the Bible in American public life. The course illustrates how the Bible has generated some enduring American values and how it has helped Americans form a sense of themselves through its role in social movements, politics, and the arts. Emphasis will be on the place of religion in public life, including different understandings of the principle of church and state. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 372. Religion and Science. 3 Credits.

A study of historical and contemporary interactions between religion and science, with particular reference to their political implications and ethical ramifications. Themes include biotechnology, environmentalism, the teaching of evolution, and digital technologies. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 373. Death as a Fact of Life. 3 Credits.

An examination of the religious, legal, medical, and psychological questions concerning death. Topics include the hope for life after death and the moral aspects of care for the dying and bereaved, cessation of treatment, euthanasia, and suicide.. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 374. Women in Western Religion. 3 Credits.

An exploration of the field of women's studies in religion as it intersects with new understandings of God, text, and tradition emerging within Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The course will look at the roles of women within these three traditions and consider the question of how people bring about religious change. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 375. Religion and the Body. 3 Credits.

This course considers the role of the body in the religious imagination. Themes vary from semester to semester, but can include 1) everyday practices of eating, exercising, bathing, dressing, piercing, and tattooing, 2) traditional religious approaches to the body (especially, but not limited to, Christianity), and/or 3) contemporary transhumanist thought. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 376. Religion and the Media. 3 Credits.

A critical investigation of the significant roles of religion and media in modern life. Along with a variety of theoretical perspectives, the course examines a series of case studies that range across religious traditions and media formats. Special attention is given to analysis of how religious ideas and practices appear in the news media and in popular entertainment, as well as to reflection on the religious parameters of media uses like television viewing and online gaming. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 377. Religion and Environmentalism. 3 Credits.

Introduces the history, ideas and practices of modern environmentalism by examinig references to and invacations of religion in debates about the environment from the late 18th century to the present. The course focuses especially on the emergence of environmentalism as a broad-based philosophical, political and cultural movement and thus gives special attention to careful analysis of the place of religion in foundational environmentalist works of the second half of the 20th century. Pre-requisites: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 378. Religion in New York. 3 Credits.

An examination of the central place of religion in the history and culture of New York as well as of the city's and state's foundational roles in broader movements of religious and theological innovation. Particular topics as well as course structure may vary across offerings. Prerequisites: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 379. Religion and Popular Culture. 3 Credits.

A general or topic-specific examination of the influences of popular culture or religion as well as of the religious dimensions of contemporary literary, musical, visual, and/or other prevalent social practices. Prerequisites: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 381. Religious Dimensions of Peace. 3 Credits.

A theological and ethical inquiry into the major Jewish and Christian responses to war: pacifism, just war, and crusade. Various religious anthropologies are considered as possible ethical bases for peace in today's world, and the course engages the contemporary relevance of Reinhold Niebuhr, Mohandas K. Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Cesar Chavez. Pre-requisite: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 390. Sexuality and the Sacred. 3 Credits.

Explores some ways in which different religious traditions have perceived the relationship between sexuality and religion. Examines the religious roots of our own cultural attitudes toward sexuality and sex roles and looks at some contemporary attempts to rethink the relationships between sexuality and spirituality, and between women and men. Pre-requisites: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 399. Criminal Justice Ethics. 3 Credits.

An investigation of the theological and ethical issues related to crime and punishment. Students will discuss questions of human nature, the purpose and meaning of confinement, the ethics of law and judgement, the role of mercy and forgiveness, and alternatives to prosecution and incarceration. In many cases, the course will be conducted at the jail on Rikers Island. Pre-requisites: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161.

RELS 400. Special Topic. 3 Credits.

RELS 426. Contemporary Catholic Theologians. 3 Credits.

An analysis of the theological presuppositions of contemporary authors; the methodology of research (hermeneutics) as a basis for modern thinking about Catholicism; the role of human and psychological premises underlying understanding of the mystery of Christ.

RELS 470. Religious Studies Seminar. 3 Credits.

This course is an intensive study of an author, period, problem, or concern in a given religious tradition, or the comparative study of some aspect of several traditions. Topics vary from semester to semester. This seminar is open to Religious Studies majors and minors as well as to other interested students who have completed the nine-credit requirement in Religious Studies. Pre-requisites: RELS 110 or RELS 152 or RELS 161, completion of nine credits in RELS, and permission from the Chair of Religious Studies.

RELS 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. Open to majors only.

RELS 480. Religious Studies Tutorial. 3 Credits.

Individual study under the supervision of a member of the department with the permission of the Chair. Open only to juniors and seniors majoring in Religious Studies who meet the requirements set by the Chair.

RELS 481. Religious Studies Honors Thesis. 3 Credits.

The first semester of a two-semester honors thesis in Religious Studies. The honors thesis is written under a faculty advisor, who assists the student in developing research goals and selecting appropriate texts and research data. Available to Religious Studies majors with a 3.5 GPA. Permission of the department chair required.

RELS 482. Honors Thesis II. 3 Credits.

The second semester of a two-semester honors thesis in Religious Studies. The student continues the research project begun in RELS 481 and will write the honors thesis. Available to Religious Studies majors with a 3.5 GPA. Permission of the department chair required.

Russian/Modern Languages and Literatures Courses

RUSS 101. Elementary Russian. 4 Credits.

RUSS 102. Elementary Russian II. 3 Credits.

RUSS 201. Intermed Russian I. 3 Credits.

RUSS 202. Intermed Russian II. 3 Credits.

RUSS 281. Tutorial: Intermediate Russian. 3 Credits.

RUSS 302. Advanced Russian II. 3 Credits.

Review and continuation of grammar, syntax and composition and development of oral and comprehension skills.

RUSS 381. Tutorial: Advanced. 3 Credits.

Sociology Courses

SOC 150. Roots: Sociology. 3 Credits.

An explanation and critical examination of selected concepts in the social sciences. Students examine the logic and methods of social science research and engage in analysis of contemporary social issues from the perspectives of the disciplines of sociology and anthropology (not open to students who completed SOC 201).

SOC 153. Roots: Sociology - FYS. 3 Credits.

An explanation and critical examination of selected concepts in the social sciences. Students examine the logic and methods of social science research and engage in analysis of contemporary social issues from the perspectives of the disciplines of sociology and anthropology. (Not open to students who completed SOC 201.).

SOC 201. Introduction to Sociology. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the nature and scope of the science of sociology. Emphasis on societies, social structures and institutions, social groups, and on the various social processes associated with social organization, socialization, and social change. (Not open to students who have completed SOC 150.).

SOC 202. Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the basic concepts of cultural anthropology. Such concepts are related to subsistence, economy, ecology, social organization, and ideology. Emphasis will be given to problems in contemporary/complex societies as well as primitive/simple societies. A comparative and evolutionary perspective is used throughout the case study of Western and non-Western societies.

SOC 204. Urban Anthropology. 3 Credits.

Urban anthropology is concerned with the origin, development, and evolution of cities as well as with the description, comparison and analysis of urban life and cultures.

SOC 205. Urban Environments. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the complexities of urban life and space emphasizing the interaction of socio-cultural, political, economic, natural, and built environments. The course will examine the factors that influence urbanization, the distinct patterns of social interaction that typify urban life, motivations for various patterns/strategies of urban development, and the effect of globalization on urban expansion and decline. These points of emphasis are founded on the understanding of cities as unique environments with distinct challenges to social organization, economic growth and inequality, and sustainability.

SOC 208. Anthropology of Food. 3 Credits.

This course considers food from an anthropological perspective. Attention is given to the relationship between food as a cultural construct and ecology, ethnicity and race, social class, symbolic significance, political-economic processes, colonization and globalization, competitive dietary patterns, analysis of commodities, and power.

SOC 210. Introduction to Social Services. 3 Credits.

The foundation of social work as a profession, its historical and philosophical development, its social purpose, value assumptions, and theoretical base. A review of the various typed of social service practice. Case studies and analyses of programs, policies, and issues.

SOC 211. Mass Media and Popular Culture. 3 Credits.

A social history of mass media in the American context and an exploration of the key theoretical perspectives that explain mass communications and popular culture. The impact of media such as newspapers, books, magazines, television, film, radio broadcasting and the countless means of mass communication transmitted through the internet is examined from a sociological perspective.

SOC 212. Migration, Globalization, and Culture. 3 Credits.

An introductory examination of how immigration/emigration is shaped by global political-economic structures. The goal is to understand the connections between global structures and local cultural responses. Attention will be devoted to a wide variety of social reactions ranging from inclusive (multiculturalism) to exclusive (ethnic nationalism/nativism) responses.

SOC 217. Visual Anthropology. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the history of ethnography, the politics of image representation of the other and the sub-discipline of visual anthropology. A variety of anthropological concepts are explored by using ethnographic pictures.

SOC 220. Social Problems. 3 Credits.

This course develops a critical analysis of the causes and consequences of social problems using contemporary sociological approaches. The specific problems treated each semester vary, including poverty, environmental challenges, state and corporate misconduct, racism, immigration policies, sexism, human trafficking, labor problems, national security, terrorism, and others.

SOC 225. Telling Stories with Maps. 3 Credits.

This course introduces the concepts and components of geospatial thinking through a geographic information system (GIS}, exploring how to visualize a story using maps. We work in Tableau, Google Earth, and ESRl's ArcGIS Online, ArcGIS Pro, and ArcMap software packages. Course topics include story design, spatial data acquisition, projection systems, spatial analysis, and cartographic design.

SOC 250. Introduction to GIS. 3 Credits.

An introduction to geographic information systems including mapping and social spatial analysis. Course topics include spatial data acquisition, projection systems, geodatabase design, spatial query and display, spatioal analysis and modelling, and cartographic design.

SOC 253. Crime Mapping. 3 Credits.

This course provides a practical introduction to analyzing and mapping crime and sociological data using ArcGIS geographic information system (GIS) software. Students will learn skills to make and analyze maps, including a critical understanding of how maps are used in policing, and will develop a solid base upon which to build further expertise in crime mapping and GIS.

SOC 262. Contemporary Latin American Development. 3 Credits.

Focuses on development in modern Latin America and its relationship to migration in and out of the region. The main paradigms in the sociology of development are used as a basis for specific case studies, illustrating the interrelated dynamics of poverty, violence, trafficking, and human displacement. Particular attention is given to popular movements and alternative models of development in the region.

SOC 270. Criminology. 3 Credits.

A survey of varieties of criminal activity, data on crime and sociological explanations of crime and criminality in relation to social structural, institutional, and cultural factors. Traditional and contemporary policies for controlling crime are explored in this course and a critical analysis of the relationship between crime, social inequality and social justice is developed.

SOC 273. Mass Incarceration and Collateral Consequences. 3 Credits.

A historical and contemporary investigation of offender management and treatment. Critical theories and alternative methods of corrections are examined, and the effects of institutionalization are discussed.

SOC 275. Issues in Contemporary Policing. 3 Credits.

A socio-historical and comparative analysis of the structure and organization of contemporary policing. Students will develop a critical analysis of how law enforcement agencies interact with society.

SOC 290. Codes of Gender. 3 Credits.

An approach to the construction, reproduction, persistence, and resistance to gender inequality across multiple domains, using comparative and transnational approaches.

SOC 294. Gender, Crime & Justice. 3 Credits.

The course will explore: the evolution of gender in the context of criminology, female offending and related criminological theories, the frequency and nature of female offending, how women and girls are processed through the criminal justice system, how women and girls are punished, the victimization of women and girls by men, and the role of female employees in the criminal justice system.

SOC 295. Capitalism. 3 Credits.

An examination of capitalism as a social system in the modern world. The course examines the history of capitalism, political economic theories of how it functions, and the ways in which capitalism influences human activity on a global scale.

SOC 296. Introduction to Human Geography. 3 Credits.

This course introduces students to the field of human geography. We journey through the discipline’s history and origins, modern geography, and the scientific revolution, to postmodernism and GIS science. The course will cover geographic theory, including the concept of place and its impact on identity formation, the links between urban and rural spaces, regional interdependencies, among other topics.

SOC 302. Race and Resistance. 3 Credits.

This course involves discussing, reading, and examining cultural artifacts, social movements, and theorizations around the categories of race and ethnicity. It aims for re-thinking these categories through their grounding in particular localities, practices, truths, and histories.

SOC 303. Urban Planning. 3 Credits.

Introduction to the principles and techniques of urban planning. Practical application of knowledge from many disciplines in forming physical design for urban spaces. Consideration of demographic, political, economic, and legal factors in the planning process.

SOC 304. Social Inequalities. 3 Credits.

This course examines the analysis of class, race, sex, gender, sexuality, and other hierarchical structures that inform social inequalities domestically and globally. Students will study social inequality historically and across various localities, including explanations of and solutions to social inequalities.

SOC 306. The Family. 3 Credits.

The nature and structure of the family as a group and as a social institution. Cross-cultural, historical, and contemporary variations in family structure and interaction. Patterns in mate selection, marriage, parenthood and divorce, and their correlation with such variables as income, ethnicity, religion, and education.

SOC 307. Research Methods. 3 Credits.

The logic and skills of social scientific research. Research design, conceptualization and measurement, sampling, and data analysis. Student experience in data collection and analysis.

SOC 308. Juvenile Justice. 3 Credits.

Sociological perspectives on the nature, causes, and prevention of delinquency and the application of criminal justice to minors.

SOC 310. Sociology of Deviance. 3 Credits.

Analyzes the relationship between social power and the dynamic process of labeling certain acts and groups as deviant. A survey of theoretical explanations of deviance is offered as the course explores how individuals and groups respond to being labelled deviant. Specific attention is given to social policies intended to control deviance and the social consequences of those policies.

SOC 311. Postmodern Societies. 3 Credits.

A critical examination of theories and practices of social organization in the contemporary world. This course examines "how times have changed" and led to contemporary cultural and political conflicts over identity, authority, social norms. Theories of modernity and postmodernity will inform more current theoretical understandings of the individual's role in constructing and organizing social relationships.

SOC 312. Social Service Practice. 3 Credits.

An introduction to basic social service methods with an emphasis on the special type of listening, utilized by social workers. The focus will be on engaging and helping individuals, couples, and families. Students will learn about the helping process, starting with the initial phase and including assessment and treatment planning.

SOC 313. Family Law. 3 Credits.

This course will examine the law governing the definition of family and the rights and duties of family members to each other. In particular, the conversation will focus upon marriage and cover such topics as restrictions on who may marry, and issues incident to dissolution of marriage (property division, spousal and child support, and child custody).

SOC 315. Special Topics: in Sociology. 3 Credits.

New course offerings in any area of sociology. Topics will be listed in the pre-registration booklets. Course outlines will be posted in the sociology department before the preregistration periods.

SOC 316. Special Topics: in Sociology. 3 Credits.

New course offerings in any area of sociology. Topics will be listed in the pre-registration booklets. Course outlines will be posted in the sociology department before the preregistration periods.

SOC 317. Anthropology of Drugs. 3 Credits.

People at different levels of societal development (e.g., hunting, gathering, agricultural, industrial and postindustrial societies) have integrated certain 'drugs' into their cultures. This course explores the use of drugs cross-culturally, focusing on their political, economic, and cultural ramifications. Qualitative and quantitative data are used in the course.

SOC 318. Community Organizing for Social Change. 3 Credits.

Community organizing is a strategy that has empowered individuals and communities to make social change. It has been a major factor in shaping the Bronx, the college's home, as it is today. The class will provide a historical perspective on community organizing and assist in developing skills critical to organizing, such as discussing the role of the organizer, identifying, and researching issues, developing leaders, and developing an organizing campaign. The class would include opportunities for real-world experience with a local community organization. (Students meet two hours in class weekly and have additional meeting time obligations in the community.) Department Chair approval required.

SOC 319. Activism, Advocacy, and Empowerment. 3 Credits.

An analysis of social services designed for vulnerable, under-represented and displaced people, such as migrant populations, illegal immigrants, political refugees, and others. A critical and historical evaluation of efforts to engage and advocate for these populations is developed as well as tactics to empower them in today's world.

SOC 323. Constitutional Law: Governmental Powers. 3 Credits.

Case studies of judicial decisions relating to the powers of the national government and the separate branches; judicial review: federal-state relations; as well as civil liberties, commerce, civil rights, taxation, spending, treaty-making, and war powers. Cross-listed with POSC 323.

SOC 324. Sociological Theories. 3 Credits.

A survey of major sociological theories, e.g., functionalism, symbolic interactionism, conflict theory, phenomenology and ethnomethodology, Frankfurt School critical theory, structuralism, postmodernism, and others. Special emphasis is given to tracing contemporary approaches back to classical sociologists such as Comte, Durkheim, Marx, Weber, and Mead.

SOC 326. Constitutional Law: Civil Liberties. 3 Credits.

Case studies of judicial decision on the rights of individuals; first amendment freedoms, equal protection of the laws, rights of defendants. Cross-listed with POSC 324.

SOC 327. Power and Conflict. 3 Credits.

An examination of the role of power in regulating and subordinating groups within human societies. The concept of power is a multifaceted process that includes forms of economic, political, cultural, and discursive control. This requires a look at various theories of power and its role in ordering societies as well as different methods of acquiring, maintaining, and losing power. Particular attention will be paid to the motivations for power acquisition and the dynamics of resistance to power structures in both theoretical and applied contexts.

SOC 328. Societies and Cultures of Latin America. 3 Credits.

An introduction to Mesoamerica (Mexico, Central America), South America, and the Caribbean as socio-cultural areas from an anthropological perspective. Native and contemporary cultures, cultural similarities and differences are examined with attention given to the process of sociocultural change, external forces that shape the region, and key issues/themes that consistently surface in Latin American anthropology.

SOC 332. Labor Studies Colloquium. 3 Credits.

An interdisciplinary introduction to the nature, scope, and methodology of Labor Studies. Students will examine the problems and opportunities that a globalized economy poses for worker rights. Guest lectures by Labor Studies faculty members from the humanities and social sciences, business, and health services on specific topics and/or case studies. Site visits to select NYC historical landmarks such as Union Square, The Catholic Worker, and the site of the Triangle Fire.

SOC 333. US Labor Patterns and Movements. 3 Credits.

This course analyzes the patterns of the US labor force and labor movements in the industrial age. Structural factors such as race, class, gender, geography, and technology are considered along with the business and political contexts. The question of individual agency on the part of labor leaders is also addressed.

SOC 334. Sustainable Development. 3 Credits.

An examination of the relationship between economic development and environmental crises. The course focuses on theories of development and subsequent theories of sustainable development, as well as examining cases studies of development, environmental degradation, and sustainable development.

SOC 335. Culture, Health, and Illness. 3 Credits.

Application of anthropological and sociological methods and theory in the comparative analysis of illness, medical practices, and health systems. Attention will be given to the interaction of humans with their immediate environment and how humans adapt.

SOC 338. Schools and Society. 3 Credits.

Examination of how schools in U.S. and abroad are organized and operate, why there are class, race, and sex differences in how much education people get, why better educated people get the best jobs, and what must be done to reform our schools.

SOC 350. Advanced Topics in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). 3 Credits.

An advanced examination of mapping and geospatial analysis. The course builds on and moves beyond the topics in Introduction to GIS and includes advanced mapping techniques, spatial analytical methods, and basic coding using ArcGIS and other GIS programs.

SOC 352. Advanced Qualitative Methods. 3 Credits.

This course is designed to train undergraduate students in advanced qualitative research methods in the social sciences. Through this hands-on approach, the course is designed to prepare students to undertake research using ethnographic and intensive interview methods and deepen their appreciation of the methodological dimensions of published qualitative work.

SOC 353. Political Ecology. 3 Credits.

This course is to introduce students of global change to the analytical framework of political ecology framework, including how axes of power, such as gender, class, and race, further complicate access to and distribution of natural resources. This geographic look at the politics of resource allocation and distribution begins in the post-colonial era to gendered dimensions of climate change and developing country socio-ecological systems.

SOC 354. Introduction to Social Network Analysis. 3 Credits.

An examination of social network analysis including theories and analytical methods of network formation and maintenance. Social media analyses, data mining, and graphical analysis of social network data are among the topics covered.

SOC 361. Criminal Justice Administration. 3 Credits.

An analysis of the various agencies in the administration of justice, the nature of law enforcement, the prisons, court system and rehabilitation agencies.

SOC 362. Modern American Gangs. 3 Credits.

Analysis of the origin, organization, control, and consequences of organized crime in the United States. Emphasis on conflicting theories and current research.

SOC 364. Law and Society. 3 Credits.

An exploration of the development of legal systems in different societies. The legal order in the United States will be discussed within the context of social and political influences on law-making and law enforcement.

SOC 366. White Collar Crime. 3 Credits.

An analysis of white-collar crimes in their diverse forms such as professional misconduct, deliberate industrial pollution, corruption, and governmental repression of political opponents. Consideration is given to recent trends and ways of exerting control over these crimes.

SOC 367. Criminal Justice Ethics. 3 Credits.

A course examining the conditions and issues associated with crime and criminal activities in major cities. The focus of the course is to understand how urban conditions and environments influence crime and criminal activities. Cross-listed with RELS 399.

SOC 369. Current Issues in Criminal Justice. 3 Credits.

Current and controversial issues in criminal justice will be explored and analyzed in this course. The topics will be debated in a classroom setting which will combine traditional lectures with student presentations and full class discussions.

SOC 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. Elective credit only.

SOC 380. Sport and American Society. 3 Credits.

An interdisciplinary course on the history of American sport from the colonial era to the present. Special emphasis will be given to the economic, sociological, political, and psychological aspects of twentieth century American sport.

SOC 416. Seminar in Sociology. 3 Credits.

This seminar is the "capstone" course for sociology majors and is designed to support an original research project individually completed by each participant. Meeting on a weekly basis, students discuss their findings and engage in a series of peer-review activities. Prerequisites: SOC 307 and SOC 324 and one of the following: SOC 290 or SOC 295 or SOC 296 or SOC 302 or SOC 304.

SOC 460. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

A course of study designed for students with research interests not covered in the department's curriculum. Topics and methods of research are carefully worked out by the student in consultation with the supervising professor. This course is ordinarily open only to those students who have completed SOC 307 and have a minimum GPA of 3.0. Before registration, topics must be approved by the supervising professor and the Department Chair.

SOC 461. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

A course of study designed for students with research interests not covered in the department's curriculum. Topics and methods of research are carefully worked out by the student in consultation with the supervising professor. This course is ordinarily open only to those students who have completed SOC 307 and have a minimum GPA of 3.0. Before registration, topics must be approved by the supervising professor and the Department Chair.

SOC 465. Research in Sociology. 3 Credits.

Participation in current research projects in the department. Permission of Department Chair and supervising professor required before registration. Prerequisite: SOC 307.

SOC 466. Research in Anthropology. 3 Credits.

Participation in current research projects in the department. Permission of Department Chair and supervising professor required before registration. Prerequisite: SOC 307.

SOC 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the Department Chair and the Dean of the School of Liberal Arts. Credit may apply to major.

Spanish/Modern Languages and Literatures Courses

SPAN 101. Spanish for Beginners I. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken Spanish. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Spanish-speaking peoples. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in Spanish or with only one year of high school Spanish.

SPAN 102. Spanish for Beginners II. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the four basic skills with emphasis on speaking and comprehending spoken Spanish. The course also provides an introduction to the culture of Spanish-speaking peoples. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. For students with little or no background in Spanish or with only one year of high school Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 101 or Placement by Department Chair. Not intended for Spanish language heritage students.

SPAN 105. Spanish Language Lab. 0 Credits.

SPAN 201. Spanish for Communication I. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of Spanish and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: SPAN 101 and SPAN 102 or a minimum of two years of high school Spanish. Not intended for Spanish language heritage students.

SPAN 202. Spanish for Communication II. 3 Credits.

An intensive review of Spanish and further development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills through extensive use of audio and visual aids. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Prerequisite: SPAN 101 and SPAN 102  or SPAN 201 or a minimum of two years of high school Spanish. Not intended for Spanish language heritage students.

SPAN 203. Writing Spanish. 3 Credits.

Intensive practice of writing skills through the use of aural and written materials. Review of grammar. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Offered every semester. Prerequisite: Placement by Dept.

SPAN 204. Speaking Spanish. 3 Credits.

Intensive practice in oral skills through extensive use of aural and written materials. Review of grammar. Three instructional hours plus one hour of laboratory practice. Offered every semester. Prerequisite: SPAN 203 or placement by MLL Department. Not intended for Spanish native or heritage speakers.

SPAN 207. Intermediate Grammar (Madrid). 3 Credits.

An introduction to the basic grammatical and syntactical structures of Spanish. Offered only in the Manhattan College Madrid Program.

SPAN 216. Aspects of Hispanic Culture. 3 Credits.

An on-site study of various aspects of the political, socio-economic and cultural life of a Hispanic country or region. The course is offered in Manhattan College's Madrid Program and occasionally during the winter interim and/or the summer session.

SPAN 219. Keeping Spanish Alive. 1 Credit.

A course designed to improve the student's command of Spanish through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student or related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times.

SPAN 221. Elementary Spanish for Heritage Students. 3 Credits.

An intensive beginning course with emphasis on basic elements of grammar, vocabulary, reading, and conversation for students who learned Spanish in the home environment and understand basic conversation but need to improve their oral and written communication skills. The course also provides an introduction to the culture and civilization of Spanish-speaking peoples.

SPAN 222. Intermediate Spanish for Heritage Students I. 3 Credits.

A course designed for students who have learned Spanish in the home environment but need formal training to improve their communication skills. The course also provides an introduction to the culture and civilization of Spanish-speaking peoples. For Latinos/as and native speakers only.

SPAN 223. Intermediate Spanish for Heritage Students II. 3 Credits.

A course designed for students who have learned Spanish in the home environment but need formal training to improve their communication skills. The course also provides an introduction to the culture and civilization of Spanish-speaking peoples. For Latinos/as and native speakers only.

SPAN 300. Hispanic Musical Heritage. 3 Credits.

Song lyrics of the rich and diverse musical traditions of Spanish-speaking peoples will serve as a basis for studying the Spanish language as well as aspects of Hispanic culture. Pre-requisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 303. Spanish Culture Through Film. 3 Credits.

Spanish conversation and composition as well as Hispanic civilization are studied through the viewing of films from Spain and Spanish America. Three instructional hours. Pre-requisite: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 307. Advanced Grammar. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of the grammatical structures of Spanish aimed at perfecting the student's oral and written command of the language. Pre-requisite: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 308. Spanish Translation. 3 Credits.

This course aims to introduce students to the practice of translation from Spanish to English and vice versa. The course will focus on contrasting English and Spanish grammatical, syntactical, and stylistic problems as well as vocabulary, thus affording students a deeper understanding of the Spanish language. Pre-requisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 309. Advanced Conversation. 3 Credits.

Techniques of conversation and intensive oral practice of Spanish. Pre-requisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 310. Advanced Composition. 3 Credits.

Practice of the conventions of written Spanish through the study of journalistic articles, essays, and literary works. Prerequisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 316. Aspects of Hispanic Culture. 3 Credits.

A study of various aspects of the political, socio-economic and cultural life of a Hispanic country or region. Prerequisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 317. Introduction to Hispanic Literature. 3 Credits.

Study of literary genres and principles of literary analysis through readings of representative Spanish and Spanish-American authors. This course provides the necessary training to do advanced work in literature. Prerequisite: Permission of Department Chair.

SPAN 318. Spanish for Health Personnel. 3 Credits.

A course designed to develop conversational skills using vocabulary and structures relevant to communication between health personnel and their clients. Pre-requisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 319. Spanish for Business. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the modern terminology used in the business world. The course includes a review of major grammatical structures as well as a discussion of cultural factors that may affect commercial transactions. Prerequisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 320. Special Topics: in Hispanic Culture Studies. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a particular region of the Spanish-speaking world or of a cultural topic common to all Hispanic countries. Topics change yearly. Prerequisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 321. Spanish Across the Curriculum. 1 Credit.

An advanced course designed to further develop the student's command of Spanish through readings and discussions on a particular subject of interest to the student related to a course the student is currently taking. Offered upon the request of the student. Course may be repeated up to 3 times. Pre-requisite: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 340. Spanish Civilization. 3 Credits.

The major issues that have affected Spain are explored through film, art, and the reading of historical and literary texts. The course has a strong emphasis on discussion. Required for Spanish majors in Education. Pre-requisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 341. Spanish American Civilization. 3 Credits.

The major issues that have affected Spanish America are explored through film, art, and the reading of historical and literary texts. The course has a strong emphasis on discussion. Required for Spanish majors in Education. Prerequisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 342. Caribbean Culture. 3 Credits.

The Spanish Caribbean's history and culture from 1492 to the present will be explored through art, film, music, and the reading and analysis of literary as well as journalistic and historical texts. Strong emphasis on reading, writing and discussion. Prerequisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 350. Masterworks in Spanish I. 3 Credits.

A survey of the great writers and literary movements of the Spanish-speaking world together with an introduction to the analysis of literary texts. Required for all Spanish majors in Arts and Education and highly recommended for minors. Prerequisites:Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 351. Masterworks in Spanish. 3 Credits.

A survey of the great writers and literary movements of the Spanish-speaking world together with an introduction to the analysis of literary texts. Required for all Spanish majors in Arts and Education and highly recommended for minors. Prerequisites: Permission of MLL Chair.

SPAN 420. Spanish Seminar. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a single author, genre, movement, or literary topic. Topics change yearly. Prerequisite: SPAN 350 or SPAN 351, or permission of Chair.

SPAN 423. Great Hispanic Poets. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the analysis of poetry through the study of the great poets of the Spanish language such as Garcilaso, St. John of the Cross, Gongora, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Becquer, Marti, Dario, Jimenez, Machado, Mistral, Lorca, Vallejo, and Neruda. Prerequisite: SPAN 350 or SPAN 351, or permission of Chair.

SPAN 424. The Modern Novel in Spain and Spanish America. 3 Credits.

A survey of the development of modern fiction from the great nineteenth-century Spanish Realists (Galdós and Clarín) to the Latin American “Boom” (Asturias, García Márquez, Carpentier, Fuentes, Vargas Llosa, et al.).

SPAN 427. Cervantes. 3 Credits.

An in-depth analysis and discussion of Don Quijote and other works by Cervantes. Prerequisite: SPAN 350 or SPAN 351, or permission of Chair.

SPAN 429. The Spanish Golden Age. 3 Credits.

A survey of the history, art, and literature of Spain during the 16th and 17th centuries.

SPAN 435. Spanish-American Short Fiction. 3 Credits.

A study of the development of the short narrative forms in Spanish America in relationship to the social, political, and historical reality. Readings from the works of Quiroga, Borges, Garcia Marquez, Cortazar, Fuentes, Vargas Llosa, Rulfo and Donoso. Prerequisite: SPAN 350 or SPAN 351, or permission of Chair.

SPAN 440. Women in Hispanic Literature. 3 Credits.

Modalities of portrayal of female protagonists by male and female writers from the 19th century to the present with emphasis on the reinterpretation of the role of women within the new social-political reality of the Hispanic world.

SPAN 460. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

In consultation with instructor and approval of Chair.

Speech Courses

SPCH 204. Fundamentals of Speech. 3 Credits.

The techniques and preparation of informative and persuasive short speeches, and small group dynamics. Assessment of personal speech skills for effectiveness and self-improvement. Not open to students who have taken COMM 205 or COMM 110.

Theater Courses

THEA 134. The Manhattan College Players. 1 Credit.

The study and performance of theatrical works for small and large ensembles. A public performance is given each term, along with a number of cabaret and/or vaudeville presentations. Prior theatrical experience is not required. May be repeated for credit (a maximum of three credits). Three hours a week. All students who participate in the ensemble for credit receive ten individual lessons from the director or an outside professional, which are graded for individual development, attendance, and artistic maturity.

THEA 190. Acting Skills and Techniques. 3 Credits.

Focuses on the basic techniques of sensory awareness, memory, improvisation, voice, character study and role preparation with emphasis on the works of Constantin Stanislavsky. Special projects include presentations and rehearsal techniques for scene study. Excursion Fee: $150.

THEA 250. Modern Dance:Thought & Motion. 3 Credits.

Introduces the art of the modern dance and topics that shape current thinking about the purpose and value of dance in Western society. Dance topics include modernity and autonomy, community and agency, American idealism, spirituality and the body, and post-modernism and movement. Although no dance experience is necessary, students are expected to actively participate in the creation of dance throughout the course. Course is cross-listed in Kinesiology. Excursion Fee: $75.00.

THEA 260. Introduction to Theater. 3 Credits.

Provides an introduction to the analysis, research, and production of the theatrical arts and performance studies. Students will read performance texts from a variety of cultures and traditions as well as attend live performances. Lectures provide context from theater history, theory, and practice to enable nuanced reading and understanding of play texts and performances. Furthermore, students will learn about the process of creating theater (including acting, design, directing, dramaturgical work, the rehearsal process, etc.), as well as analyze and discuss plays by exploring their historical and social contexts. Excursion Fee: $150.

THEA 350. Contemporary Dance Composition. 3 Credits.

Introduces principles of contemporary dance and practical methods that explore the craft of choreography. Dance topics include improvisation, Alexander Technique, motif development, randomness and aleatoric dance, movement and language, and the relationship between music and dance. Some dance experience is highly recommended as students are expected to progress quickly throughout the course. Course is cross-listed in Kinesiology. Excursion Fee: $75.

THEA 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of School of Arts.

THEA 400. Spl Tpc: In Theater. 3 Credits.

An intensive study of a playwright, choreographer, director, genre, period, or issue facing theater scholarship today. The subject studied will vary semester to semester. A student may elect this course only once for credit towards the Minor in Theater.

THEA 405. Independent Study. 3 Credits.

Individual study of a major playwright, director, or aesthetic issue facing theater scholarship today with a member of the department. Open only to students who secure the approval of the Chair of the Department and the consent of the individual instructor. A student may elect this course only once for credit towards the Minor in Theater.

Urban Affairs Courses

URBN 202. Introduction to Urban Studies. 3 Credits.

An introduction to the complexities of urban life and space emphasizing the interaction of socio-cultural, political, economic, natural, and built environments. The course will examine the factors that influence urbanization, the distinct patterns of soical interaction that typify urban life, motivations for various patterns/strategies of urban development, and the effect of globalization on urban expansion and decline. These points of emphasis are founded on the understanding of cities as unique environments with distinct challenges to social organization, economic growth and inequality, and sustainability.

URBN 205. Urban America and Catholic Social Teaching. 3 Credits.

An interdisciplinary, service learning course. Sociological, political science, economic analysis of urban poverty, combined with reflections on Catholic social teaching, provide the framework for student-volunteer work at various Bronx-based community organizations.

URBN 301. Special Topics in Urban Affairs. 3 Credits.

Course descriptions will be announced when courses are offered.

URBN 302. Sustainable Cities. 3 Credits.

This course examines issue related to urban environmental sustainability through classroom instruction and field experience in New York City. Primary topics will include an introduction to the methods used by environmental scientists to measure environmental conditions, historical and contemporary environmental issues facing urban communities, the potential for sustainable urban development and growth, and issues pertaining to urban inequalities and environmental justice.

URBN 303. Urban Planning. 3 Credits.

Introduction to the principles and techniques of urban planning. Practical application of knowledge from many disciplines in forming physical design for urban spaces. Consideration of demographic, political, economic, and legal factors in the planning process.

URBN 375. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts.

URBN 401. Senior Seminar in Urban Studies. 3 Credits.

An in-depth, interdisciplinary analysis of specific research and practical problems. A capstone course intended to help students integrate the various courses they have taken in Urban Studies.

URBN 402. Ind Sty: Urban Affairs. 3 Credits.

Supervised reading and/or research designed to allow majors to pursue areas of special interest. Topic and outline of plans must be approved by director of program and supervising professor.

URBN 406. Urban Honors Thesis I. 3 Credits.

The first of a two-semester progression, Urban Honors Thesis I allows exceptional junior and senior students the opportunity to engage in an independent research project under the direction of the program director and a committee drawn from Urban Studies faculty. In the first semester, the student will conceptualize and propose the independent project and pursue advanced study in theory, method, and analysis. Open only to Urban Studies majors who meet program criteria. Approval of program director required.

URBN 407. Urban Honors Thesis II. 3 Credits.

The culmination of a two-semester progression, Urban Honors Thesis II, allows exceptional junior and senior students to collect and analyze data to complete an original independent research project. Open only to Urban Studies majors who meet program criteria and successfully complete URBN 406. Approval of program director required.

URBN 475. Internship. 3 Credits.

Students participate in an off-campus training experience closely related to their area of study. Frequent meetings with the internship advisor and a paper are required. Internships are arranged through the Center for Career Development and must be approved in advance by the chair and the Dean of the School of Arts. Open to majors only.